Abstract
Permanent deformation or rutting, one of the most important distresses in flexible pavements, has long been a problem in asphalt mixtures and thus a great deal of research has been focused on the development of a rheological parameter that would address the rutting susceptibility of both unmodified and modified bituminous binders. In this research, three warm mix additives (Sasobit, Rheofalt and Zycotherm) were used to modify 60-70 penetration grade base binder. The rutting potential of both modified and unmodified binders were evaluated through the multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR)-based parameter, nonrecoverable compliance (J nr) and recovery parameter (R). Several performance tests carried on stone matrix asphalt (SMA) mixtures comprising different nominal maximum aggregate sizes (NMASs, 9.5, 12.5 and 19 mm), like Marshall stability, dynamic and static creep and Hamburg wheel tracking tests to evaluate their rutting performance. The objective of this work is to correlate MSCR test results to performance. Results indicate that for the range of the gradations investigated in this work, increasing the nominal maximum aggregate size of the gradation would increase the permanent deformation resistance of the SMA mixture. Addition of 3% sasobit to base binder leads an increase in J nr100 about 82%. Addition of 2% rheofalt to base binder leads an recovery increase of about 9.76 % and 27.44% in stress levels of 100 and 3200 Pa, respectively. The results reveal that rutting resistance of mixtures improves as J nr decreases. The use of the MSCR test in the rutting characterization of bituminous binders is highly recommended based on the results of this work.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
RIMSA V, KACIANAUSKAS R, SIVILEVICIUS H. Finite element simulation of the normal interaction of particles in the visco-elastic solid [J]. Mechanics and Control, 2011(30): 245–253.
MOGHADAS N F, AFLAKI E, MOHAMMADI M A. Fatigue behavior of SMA and HMA mixtures [J]. Constr Build Mater, 2010, 24(7): 1158–65.
SENGUL C E, ORUC S, ISKENDER E, AKSOY A. Evaluation of SBS modified stone mastic asphalt pavement performance [J]. Construction and Building Materials. 2013, 30, 41: 777–83.
DELGADILLO R, BAHIA H U. The relationship between nonlinearity of asphalt binders and asphalt mixture permanent deformation [J]. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2010, 11(3): 653–80.
CHRISTENSEN JR D W, BONAQUIST R. Rut resistance and volumetric composition of asphalt concrete mixtures (With Discussion) [J]. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 2005: 74.
KENNEDY T W, HUBER G A, HARRIGAN E T, COMINSKY R J, HUGHES C S, Von QUINTUS H, MOULTHROP J S. Superior performing asphalt pavements (Superpave): The product of the SHRP asphalt research program [R]. Washington D C, USA: National Research Council, 1994.
BAHIA H U, HANSON D I, ZENG M, ZHAI H, KHATRI M A, ANDERSON R M. Characterization of modified asphalt binders in superpave mix design [M]. Washington D C, USA: Transportation Research Board, 2001.
GOLALIPOUR A. Modification of multiple stress creep and recovery test procedure and usage in specification [D]. Madison, USA: University of Wisconsin–Madison, 2011.
RUBIO M C, MARTÍ NEZ G, BAENA L, MORENO F. Warm mix asphalt: An overview [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2012, 24: 76–84.
ZHAO W, XIAO F, AMIRKHANIAN S N, PUTMAN B J. Characterization of rutting performance of warm additive modified asphalt mixtures [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2012; 31: 265–272.
SILVA H M, OLIVEIRA J R, PERALTA J, ZOOROB S E. Optimization of warm mix asphalts using different blends of binders and synthetic paraffin wax contents [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2010, 24(9): 1621–1631.
HUANG Y, BIRD R, HEIDRICH O. Development of a life cycle assessment tool for construction and maintenance of asphalt pavements [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2009, 17(2): 283–296.
CHIU C T, HSU T H, YANG W F. Life cycle assessment on using recycled materials for rehabilitating asphalt pavements [J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2008, 52(3): 545–556.
WHITE P, GOLDEN J S, BILIGIRI K P, KALOUSH K. Modeling climate change impacts of pavement production and construction [J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2010, 54(11): 776–82.
HURLEY G C, PROWELL B D, HUNER M. Evaluation of Aspha-min Zeolite® for use in warm mix asphalt [R]. Alabama, USA: National InCenter for Asphalt Technology, Auburn University, 2005.
HURLEY G C, PROWELL B D. Evaluation of sasobit for use in warm mix asphalt [R]. Auburn, USA: Auburn University, 2005.
PROWELL B D. Warm Mix Asphalt [R]. Alexandria, USA: American Trade Initiatives, 2007.
PROWELL B. Warm mix asphalt [R]. Alexandria, USA: American Trade Initiatives, 2007.
OLIVEIRA J R, SILVA H M, ABREU L P, FERNANDES S R. Use of a warm mix asphalt additive to reduce the production temperatures and to improve the performance of asphalt rubber mixtures [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013, 41: 15–22.
LAUKKANEN O V, SOENEN H, PELLINEN T, HEYRMAN S, LEMOINE G. Creep-recovery behavior of bituminous binders and its relation to asphalt mixture rutting [J]. Materials and Structures, 2015, 48(12): 4039–4053.
DUBOIS E, MEHTA Y, NOLAN A. Correlation between multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) results and polymer modification of binder [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2014, 65: 184–190.
BROWN E R, COOLEY L A. Designing stone matrix asphalt mixtures for rut-resistant pavements [R]. Washington, USA: Transportation Research Board, 1999.
SASOBIT TECHNOLOGY. Sasol wax [EB/OL]. [2011-01-18]. http://www.sasolwax.com/ Sasobit_Technology.html.
ROHITH N, RANJITHA J. A study on marshall stability properties of warm mix asphalt using zycotherm a chemical additive [J]. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 2013, 2(7): 19–27.
ASTM D92. Standard test method for flash and fire points by cleveland open cup tester [S]. 2012.
ASTM D1559. Standard test method for resistance of plastic flow of bituminous mixtures using Marshall apparatus [S]. 2003.
ASTM D7405-10a. Standard test method for multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer [S]. 2010.
FAKHRI M, KHEIRY P T, MIRGHASEMI A A. Modeling of the permanent deformation characteristics of SMA mixtures using discrete element method [J]. Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2012, 13(1): 67–84.
AMERI M, MANSOURIAN A, SHEIKHMOTEVALI A H. Laboratory evaluation of ethylene vinyl acetate modified bitumens and mixtures based upon performance related parameters [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2013, 40: 438–447.
AASHTO TP70. Standard practice for multiple stress creep recovery test of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer [S]. 2010.
WASAGE T L, STASTNA J, ZANZOTTO L. Rheological analysis of multi-stress creep recovery (MSCR) test [J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2011, 12(6): 561–568.
HAFEEZ I, KAMAL M A. Creep compliance: A parameter to predict rut performance of asphalt binders and mixtures [J]. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2014, 39(8): 5971–5978.
ANDERSON M, D'ANGELO J, WALKER D. MSCR: A better tool for characterizing high temperature performance properties [J]. Asphalt, 2010, 25(2): 34–46.
D'ANGELO J, KLUTTZ R, DONGRE R N, STEPHENS K, ZANZOTTO L. Revision of the superpave high temperature binder specification: The multiple stress creep recovery test (with discussion) [J]. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, 2007, 76(8): 123–162.
ZOOROB S E, SUPARMA L B. Laboratory design and investigation of the properties of continuously graded Asphaltic concrete containing recycled plastics aggregate replacement (Plastiphalt) [J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2000, 22(4): 233–242.
BAHUGUNA S. Permanent deformation and rate effects in asphalt concrete: constitutive modeling and numerical implementation [D]. Cleveland, USA: Case Western Reserve University, 2003
WITCZAK M W. Specification criteria for simple performance tests for rutting [J]. Transportation Research Board, 2007, 1: 63–98.
LEE K H, CHO Y H. Design and performance of the HEART wheel load simulator [J]. Journal of testing and evaluation, 2003, 31(6): 1–7.
AASHTO T324. Standard method of test for hamburg wheel track testing of compacted hot mix asphalt (HMA) [S]. 2011.
AASHTO M320–09. Standard specification for performance-graded asphalt binder [S]. 2009.
WANG C, ZHANG J. Evaluation of rutting parameters of asphalt binder based on rheological test [J]. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2014, 6(1): 30.
ZOOROB S E, SUPARMA L B. Laboratory design and investigation of the properties of continuously graded Asphaltic concrete containing recycled plastics aggregate replacement (Plastiphalt) [J]. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2000, 22(4): 233–242.
LÜ Song-tao, ZHENG Jian-long. Normalization method for asphalt mixture fatigue equation under different loading frequencies [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2015, 22(7): 2761–2767.
HASAN Z, HAMID B, AMIR I, DANIAL N. Long term performance of warm mix asphalt versus hot mix asphalt [J]. Journal of Central South University. 2013, 20(1): 256–266.
LIAO Gong-yun, YANG Yi-wen, HUANG Xiao-ming, XIANG Jin-yuan. Permanent deformation response parameters of asphalt mixtures for a new mix-confined repeated load test [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2013, 20(5): 1434–1442.
MA Tao, WANG Zhen, ZHAO Yong-li. Degradation behavior of aggregate skeleton in stone matrix asphalt mixture [J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 2011, 18(6): 2192–2200.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rezvan, B., Hassan, Z. Evaluation of rutting performance of stone matrix asphalt mixtures containing warm mix additives. J. Cent. South Univ. 24, 360–373 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-017-3438-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-017-3438-4