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Analysis of sedimentation at the fishing harbor entrance: case study of El-Burullus, Egypt

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Abstract

Sedimentation in artificial ports and harbors is a common issue throughout the world. Based on an assessment of the coastal fishing harbors in Egypt, the El-Burullus fishing harbor has been found to suffer severely from siltation. Sediment deposits are concentrated at the harbor entrance, which threatens navigation through this area. Although the harbor authority has constructed a perpendicular extension on the main breakwater to mitigate these siltation issues, fishing boats are still suffering from the siltation at the harbor entrance. Dredging is required every year to maintain continuity of navigation through the harbor; the cost of dredging is a critical element which impacts the economic feasibility of the harbor. Therefore, the need to investigate new solutions for the siltation issue is critical. In this study, a two-dimensional calibrated and validated model using the Coastal Modeling System package is used to understand the coastal processes within the study area. It is also used to investigate the effects of the proposed breakwater extension on the siltation at the harbor outlet. Field data such as hydrographic surveys, waves, tides, and lake outlet discharge data were collected and included in the model. The results obtained for the current breakwater conditions confirmed the claims of the fishermen that the sedimentation problem still occurs at the entrance. Thus, five possible solutions to mitigate the problem were proposed and simulated considering the following parameters: sediment deposition rate to the west of the main breakwater, the erosion rate in front of the seawall in the eastern part of the harbor, and the morphological changes within the El-Burullus lake outlet. According to the simulation results, reducing the length of the upper edge of the middle jetty by 90 m improves the stability of the harbor entrance. Alternatively, replacing the perpendicular extension by an inclined extension of 60 m in length and shortening the middle jetty by 60 m reduces the accretion and erosion rates around the harbor which promotes the long-term stability for the coastal area in addition to favorable conditions to the El-Burullus harbor entrance.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank the Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) for providing the financial support (Ph.D. scholarship) for this research as well as the Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST) for offering the software, facilities, and tools needed to conduct this work. We would like to express special thanks to Dr. Ali Masria, Lecturer at Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University for his contribution, guides during using and training for CMS software. Also, we would express our thanks to the Coastal Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Egypt for technical support and providing different field data and measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

    Mahmoud Sharaan

  2. Environmental Engineering Department, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt

    Mona G. Ibrahim

  3. Hydrodynamic Department, Coastal Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt

    Moheb Iskander

  4. Irrigation and Hydraulics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

    Ali Masria

  5. Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

    Kazuo Nadaoka

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  1. Mahmoud Sharaan
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  2. Mona G. Ibrahim
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  3. Moheb Iskander
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  4. Ali Masria
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  5. Kazuo Nadaoka
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Correspondence to Mahmoud Sharaan.

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Sharaan, M., Ibrahim, M.G., Iskander, M. et al. Analysis of sedimentation at the fishing harbor entrance: case study of El-Burullus, Egypt. J Coast Conserv 22, 1143–1156 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-018-0624-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-018-0624-y

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