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Periodic and Intermittent Fasting in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

  • Macrovascular Complications in Diabetes (VS Aroda and L-S Chang, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death globally. Nutrition plays a central role in CVD risk by affecting aging, adiposity, glycemia, blood pressure, cholesterol, inflammation, and other risk factors and can affect CVD risk not only based on calorie intake and dietary composition but also the timing and range of meals. This review evaluates the effects of fasting, fasting-mimicking diets, and time-restricted eating on the reduction of CVD risk factors and provides initial data on their potential to serve as CVD prevention and treatment therapies.

Recent Findings

Intermittent fasting (IF), time-restricted eating (TRE), prolonged fasting (PF), and fasting-mimicking diets (FMD) show promise in the reduction of CVD risk factors.

Summary

Results on IF, TRE, PF, and FMD on CVD risk factors are significant and often independent of weight loss, yet long-term studies on their effect on CVD are still lacking. Coupling periodic and prolonged, or intermittent and more frequent cycles of fasting or fasting-mimicking diets, designed to maximize compliance and minimize side effects, has the potential to play a central role in the prevention and treatment of CVD and metabolic syndrome.

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Abbreviations

CVD:

Cardiovascular diseases

IF:

Intermittent fasting

ADF:

Alternate day fasting

TRE:

Time-restricted eating

PF:

Prolonged fasting

FMD:

Fasting-mimicking diet

TG:

Triglycerides

TC:

Total cholesterol

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

HDL-C:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

WC:

Waist circumference

BP:

Blood pressure

SBP/DBP:

Systolic/diastolic blood pressure

CR:

Calorie restriction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA

    Annunziata Nancy Crupi, Jonathan Haase, Sebastian Brandhorst & Valter D Longo

  2. IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy

    Valter D Longo

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  1. Annunziata Nancy Crupi
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Annunziata Nancy Crupi, Jonathan Haase, and Sebastian Brandhorst each declare no potential conflicts of interest.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Macrovascular Complications in Diabetes

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Crupi, A.N., Haase, J., Brandhorst, S. et al. Periodic and Intermittent Fasting in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Diab Rep 20, 83 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-020-01362-4

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