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Effect of Subcritical Water on the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Carrot Leaves

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Abstract

Carrot leaves, which are generally considered as agricultural residue, are rich in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols. This study investigates the extraction of polyphenols and luteolin (flavonoid) from freeze-dried and ground carrot leaves (d < 100 μm) using subcritical water (SCW). Water at elevated temperatures and at high pressure (40 bar) could behave as low-polar solvent to enhance extraction of organic compounds. SCW was investigated at different temperatures (110–230 °C), time (0–114 min), and solid-liquid ratio (15 and 35 g/L). Accordingly, it was revealed that total phenolic content (TPC) from carrot leaves using SCW has an increasing trend with temperature and resulted in 42.83 ± 1.85 mg per g of dry weight in gallic acid equivalent at 210 °C/113.5 min. However, luteolin content using SCW extraction behaved differently, where increase of temperature adversely affected its content. Hot water extraction studies revealed the presence of optimum luteolin content (0.768 ± 0.009-mg/g dry weight) at 120 °C for 10 min. In conclusion, it was shown that carrot leaves are a promising feedstock to extract polyphenols that has high content of luteolin.

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Funding

This research was carried out as part of the Food Industry Enabling Technologies (FIET) program funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment (contract MAUX1402).

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  1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand

    Rui Song, Marliya Ismail, Saeid Baroutian & Mohammed Farid

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  1. Rui Song
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  2. Marliya Ismail
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Correspondence to Mohammed Farid.

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Song, R., Ismail, M., Baroutian, S. et al. Effect of Subcritical Water on the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Carrot Leaves. Food Bioprocess Technol 11, 1895–1903 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-018-2151-0

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