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Rapid Speciation of Lead in Human Blood and Urine Samples Based on MWCNTs@DMP by Dispersive Ionic Liquid-Suspension-Micro-Solid Phase Extraction

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Abstract

An efficient sorbent based on 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol immobilized on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs@DMP) was developed for separation/speciation of organic and inorganic lead (alkyl-Pb, Pb2+) in human blood, urine, and water samples by dispersive ionic liquid-suspension-micro-solid phase extraction (DIL-S-μ-SPE). By procedure, the MWCNTs@DMP as solid phase, acetone, and ionic liquid (IL, [HMIM][PF6]) were mixed and injected to 10 mL of the liquid phase at pH = 6.5. After shaking, the Pb(II) was extracted in MWCNTs@DMP and settled down in a conical tube with IL by centrifuging (Pb2+→: SH-SiO2@CNTs). The lead (Pb2+) was back-extracted from sorbent/IL in acidic pH and measured by atom trap atomic absorption spectrometry (AT-AAS). In addition, the organic lead (R-Pb, alkyl lead) converted to Pb(II) and total lead (T-Pb) was determined in the same conditions by UV radiation in 95 °C. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range (9.5–480 μg L−1), LOD (3.2 μg L−1), and enrichment factor (10.4) were obtained (RSD < 5%). The adsorption capacity of the MWCNTs@DMP and MWCNTs was achieved as 191.6 mg g−1 and 25.8 mg g−1, respectively. The method was validated by standard reference materials (SRM 1643d, SRM 955, and SRM 2668), ET-AAS, and ICP-MS analysis in real samples.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Semnan University Research Council, Semnan, Iran, Iranian Petroleum Industry Health Research Institute (IPIHRI), and the Iranian Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) for supporting this work. The authors wish to thank the workers for their kindness and voluntary participation in this study.

Funding

This study was supported by Semnan University by a grant

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

    Nafiseh Esmaeili & Eskandar Kolvari

  2. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Jamshid Rakhtshah

  3. Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), West Blvd. Azadi Sport Complex, P.O. Box 14665-1998, Tehran, Iran

    Alimord Rashidi

  4. Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), West Entrance Blvd., Olympic Village, P.O. Box 14857-33111, Tehran, Iran

    Hamid Shirkhanloo

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  1. Nafiseh Esmaeili
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Correspondence to Hamid Shirkhanloo.

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This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Semnan University (ECSU, Project No. 8051127-01). Before starting, the goals and stages of the study were explained to the participants and they were asked to sign the informed consent form. The participants were assured that they could leave the study whenever they wanted.

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Esmaeili, N., Rakhtshah, J., Kolvari, E. et al. Rapid Speciation of Lead in Human Blood and Urine Samples Based on MWCNTs@DMP by Dispersive Ionic Liquid-Suspension-Micro-Solid Phase Extraction. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 2496–2507 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02382-7

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