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Physical Exercise During Pregnancy Prevents Cognitive Impairment Induced by Amyloid-β in Adult Offspring Rats

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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the main aging-associated neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, synaptic failure, and cognitive decline. It has been a challenge to find disease course-modifying treatments. However, several studies demonstrated that regular physical activity and exercise are capable of promoting brain health by improving the cognitive function. Maternal lifestyle, including regular exercise during pregnancy, has also been shown to influence fetal development and disease susceptibility in adulthood through fetal metabolism programming. Here, we investigated the potential neuroprotective role of regular maternal swimming, before and during pregnancy, against amyloid-β neurotoxicity in the adult offspring. Behavioral and neurochemical analyses were performed 14 days after male offspring received a single, bilateral, intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs). AβOs-injected rats of the sedentary maternal group exhibited learning and memory deficits, along with reduced synaptophysin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and alterations of mitochondrial function. Strikingly, the offspring of the sedentary maternal group had AβOs-induced behavioral alterations that were prevented by maternal exercise. This effect was accompanied by preventing the alteration of synaptophysin levels in the offspring of exercised dams. Additionally, offspring of the maternal exercise group exhibited an augmentation of functional mitochondria, as indicated by increases in mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome c oxidase enzymes activities. Moreover, maternal exercise during pregnancy induced long-lasting modulation of fusion and fission proteins, Mfn1 and Drp1, respectively. Overall, our data demonstrates a potential protective effect of exercise during pregnancy against AβOs-induced neurotoxicity in the adult offspring brain, by mitigating the neurodegenerative process triggered by Alzheimer-associated AβOs through programming the brain metabolism.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mariana Maier Gaelzer and Fabrício Figueiró for their valuable assistance in flow cytometry analyses.

Funding

This study was supported by the Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (PROPESQ/UFRGS). CPK is a PhD Postgraduate student in Biological Sciences – Biochemistry receiving grants from the Brazilian agency Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). CM received grants from CNPq (Universal 442406/2014-2 and INCT 465671/2014-4).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil

    Caroline Peres Klein, Bernardo Gindri dos Santos, Pauline Maciel August, Mateus Grings, Belisa Parmeggiani, Guilhian Leipnitz, Christianne Gazzana Salbego & Cristiane Matté

  2. Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Juliana Bender Hoppe, André Brum Saccomori, João Pedro Sagini, Mariana Scortegagna Crestani, Régis Mateus Hözer, Guilhian Leipnitz, Christianne Gazzana Salbego & Cristiane Matté

  3. Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013, Sevilla, Spain

    Plácido Navas

Authors
  1. Caroline Peres Klein
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  2. Juliana Bender Hoppe
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  12. Plácido Navas
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  13. Christianne Gazzana Salbego
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  14. Cristiane Matté
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cristiane Matté.

Ethics declarations

All experimental procedures were approved by the local Ethics Commission on the Use of Animals (Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais - CEUA/UFRGS) under the protocol number 27349 and were performed in accordance with the National Animal Rights Regulations (Law 11.794/2008), the American National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH publication No. 80-23, revised 1996), and the Directive 2010/63/EU.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Klein, C.P., Hoppe, J.B., Saccomori, A.B. et al. Physical Exercise During Pregnancy Prevents Cognitive Impairment Induced by Amyloid-β in Adult Offspring Rats. Mol Neurobiol 56, 2022–2038 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-1210-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-1210-x

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