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Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker, and Correlation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of CNS-Related Disorders

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Abstract

The search for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for neurodegenerative conditions is of high importance, since these disorders may present difficulties in differential diagnosis. Biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are required. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a unique biomarker related to axonal damage and neural cell death, which is elevated in a number of neurological disorders, and can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as blood, serum, or plasma samples. Although the NfL concentration in CSF is higher than that in blood, blood measurement may be easier in practice due to its lesser invasiveness, reproducibility, and convenience. Many studies have investigated NfL in both CSF and serum/plasma as a potential biomarker of neurodegenerative disorders. Neuroimaging biomarkers can also potentially improve detection of CNS-related disorders at an early stage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are sensitive techniques to visualize neuroaxonal loss. Therefore, investigating the combination of NfL levels with indices extracted from MRI and DTI scans could potentially improve diagnosis of CNS-related disorders. This review summarizes the evidence for NfL being a reliable biomarker in the early detection and disease management in several CNS-related disorders. Moreover, we highlight the correlation between MRI and NfL and ask whether they can be combined.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Zahra Alirezaei

  2. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran

    Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh & Hamed Mirzaei

  3. School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sarina Borran

  4. Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Majid Nejati

  5. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Michael R. Hamblin

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  1. Zahra Alirezaei
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Alirezaei, Z., Pourhanifeh, M.H., Borran, S. et al. Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker, and Correlation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of CNS-Related Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 57, 469–491 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-019-01698-3

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