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Predictive factors for central lymph node and lateral cervical lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma

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Abstract

Background

Central lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is common. But the association between primary tumor characteristics and specific features of metastatic lymph nodes in PTC has not been fully identified. Determining risk factors for LNM may help surgeons determine rational extent of lymph node dissection.

Methods

Data from 432 patients who underwent thyroidectomy with cervical lymph node dissection for PTC were retrospectively analyzed. The relationships between LNM to central compartment or lateral compartment and clinicopathologic factors were analyzed. Cox regression model was used to determine the risk factors for recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Results

Central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) were found in 216 (50.0%) and 65 (15.0%) patients, respectively. In the multivariate analysis for CLNM, patients < 45 years of age (OR 2.037, 95% CI 1.388–2.988, P < 0.001), extrathyroidal invasion (OR: 2.144, 95% CI 0.824–5.457, P = 0.011), vascular invasion (OR 13.817, 95% CI 1.694–112.693, P = 0.014), LLNM (OR 2.851, 95% CI 1.196–6.797, P = 0.014) and TNM Stage III–IV (OR 465.307, 95% CI 113.903–1900.826, P < 0.001) were independent predictors for high prevalence of CLNM. In the multivariate analysis for LLNM, tumor size more than 1cm (OR 3.474, 95% CI 1.728–6.985, P < 0.001) and CLNM (OR 5.532, 95% CI 2.679–11.425, P < 0.001) were independent predictors for high prevalence of LLNM. Moreover, tumor with T3–T4 stage, extrathyroidal invasion and CLNM were the significant factors related to the RFS.

Conclusion

For patients with pre-operative risk factors of LNM, an accurate preoperative evaluation of central compartment or lateral compartment is needed to find suspicious lymph nodes. And prophylactic lymph node dissection should be performed in patients with high risk of CLNM. Moreover, we suggest performing close follow-up for patients with high risk of RFS.

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Acknowledgements

Bao-Qiang Wu took charge of conceiving and designing the study; Xing-Hai Yang were responsible for collecting the data and analyzing and interpreting the data; Jia-Wei Feng took charge of writing the manuscript; Dong-Lin Sun was responsible for providing critical revisions; approving the final version of the manuscript was in charge of Yong Jiang and Zhen Qu. Lei Qin, the english language editor, was responsible for correcting language and grammar issues.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou First People’S Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China

    J.-W. Feng, X.-H. Yang, B.-Q. Wu, D.-L. Sun, Y. Jiang & Z. Qu

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  1. J.-W. Feng
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  2. X.-H. Yang
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  3. B.-Q. Wu
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Correspondence to Y. Jiang or Z. Qu.

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Conflict of interest

This manuscript has not been published nor submitted for publication elsewhere. All authors have contributed significantly, and agree with the content of the manuscript. The authors reported no proprietary or commercial interest in any product mentioned or concept discussed in this article.

Ethical approval

This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Changzhou First People’s Hospital ethics committee, and has been performed according to the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Feng, JW., Yang, XH., Wu, BQ. et al. Predictive factors for central lymph node and lateral cervical lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 21, 1482–1491 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-019-02076-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-019-02076-0

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