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Fundamentals and applications of spin-decoupled Pancharatnam—Berry metasurfaces

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Abstract

Manipulating circularly polarized (CP) electromagnetic (EM) waves at will is significantly important for a wide range of applications ranging from chiral-molecule manipulations to optical communication. However, conventional EM devices based on natural materials suffer from limited functionalities, bulky configurations, and low efficiencies. Recently, Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase metasurfaces have shown excellent capabilities in controlling CP waves in different frequency domains, thereby allowing for multi-functional PB meta-devices that integrate distinct functionalities into single and flat devices. Nevertheless, the PB phase has intrinsically opposite signs for two spins, resulting in locked and mirrored functionalities for right CP and left CP beams. Here we review the fundamentals and applications of spin-decoupled metasurfaces that release the spin-locked limitation of PB metasurfaces by combining the orientation-dependent PB phase and the dimension-dependent propagation phase. This provides a general and practical guideline toward realizing spin-decoupled functionalities with a single metasurface for orthogonal circular polarizations. Finally, we conclude this review with a short conclusion and personal outlook on the future directions of this rapidly growing research area, hoping to stimulate new research outputs that can be useful in future applications.

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Acknowledgements

S. Tang acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11604167), and Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LY19A040004). F. Ding acknowledges the support from Villum Fonden (Nos. 00022988 and 37372).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China

    Yingcheng Qiu & Shiwei Tang

  2. Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an, 710051, China

    Tong Cai & Hexiu Xu

  3. Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark

    Fei Ding

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  1. Yingcheng Qiu
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  2. Shiwei Tang
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  3. Tong Cai
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  4. Hexiu Xu
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  5. Fei Ding
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Correspondence to Shiwei Tang or Fei Ding.

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Yingcheng Qiu received his bachelor’s degree from Wenzheng College of Soochow University, China, in 2019. Since 2019, he has been a master student in the School of Physics Science and Technology at Ningbo University, China. His fields of interest include metamaterials and metasurfaces.

Shiwei Tang received his Ph.D. degree in Physics Department of Fudan University, China, in 2014. He was a postdoctoral fellow in Materials Science Department of Fudan University from 2014 to 2015. He joined Ningbo University, China, in 2016 and was promoted to an Associate Professor in 2019. His current research interests include metamaterials/metasurfaces, microcavities, plasmonics, and nanophotonics. He has published over 60 papers in Advanced Materials, Advanced Functional Materials, ACS Nano, Optics Express, etc.

Tong Cai received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Air Force Engineering University, China, in 2012 and 2017, respectively. He was with Air Force Engineering University, where he became a Lecturer in 2017 and an associate professor in 2020. He has been a Post-Doctoral Researcher with Zhejiang University since 2019. His research interests include metamaterials, metasurfaces and their applications to novel antennas and multifunctional devices.

Hexiu Xu is a full Professor of Air Force Engineering University, China, since 2019. He has published more than 130 peer-reviewed journal papers in Research, Nature Materials, Nature Photonics, Light: Science and Applications, Proceedings of IEEE, Advanced Materials, ACS Photonics, Photonics Research, IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagations, Physical Review Applied, etc. He has also published 3 Chinese books, 1 English books and 2 English book chapters. He served as an editor of AEU International Journal of Electronics and Communications since 2014 and served as an invited reviewer for more than 20 leading journals. He has owned 28 China patents and has given more than 31 invited talks. He served as a special session chair 16 times in international conferences. His research interests include metamaterials/metasurfaces, and their applications to novel functional devices and microwave antennas. Dr. Xu received the 8th China Youth Science and Technology Innovation Award in 2013. He won the best Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Award at Air Force Engineering University in 2014 and later received the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Award from Military, Shaanxi Province, and Chinese Institute of Electronics (CIE). He has hosted several programs such as the National Science Foundation of China, the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China Scholarship Fund, and First-Class General and Special Financial Grant from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation. He receives five Young Scientist Awards like at URSI GASS, URSIAP-RASC, URSI EMTS, ACES and PIERs in 2019 and two First-class Technological Invention Awards from National Invention Association in 2019 and 2020, and four Scientific and Technological Progress Awards like Outstanding Award from Department of Education of Shaanxi government in 2021. He was awarded outstanding scientific and technological worker of CIE in 2018, a Young Talent from China Association for Science and Technology in 2017, Young Scientist Nova from Shaanxi Technology Committee in 2016. Dr. Xu is now also a Fellow of IET and a Senior Member of IEEE and CIE.

Fei Ding received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Optical Engineering from Zhejiang University, China, in 2010 and 2015, respectively. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Centre for Nano Optics at the University of Southern Denmark (SDU Nano Optics) in Denmark from 2015 to 2019. He is currently an assistant professor at SDU Nano Optics. His current research interests are in the areas of nanophotonics, applied electromagnetics, metasurfaces, plasmonics, and quantum nanophotonics, with a particular focus on innovative and extreme aspects of light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. He has authored or co-authored more than 50 peer-reviewed journal papers in Reports on Progress in Physics, Light: Science & Applications, Nature Communications, Science Advances, Advanced Materials, ACS Nano, Nano Letters, andLaser & Photonics Reviews, receiving more than 3500 citations (Google Scholar) with an H-index of 23 (Google Scholar). Among all his papers, there are/were nine ESI Highly Cited Papers. He received the Wang Daheng Optical Prize for Graduate Student from the Chinese Optical Society in 2014, the Young Scientist Awards from the Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium in 2018 and 2019, Villum Young Investigator from Villum Fonden in 2021. He is an active reviewer of more than 20 international journals and has received the Publons Peer Review Awards in 2018 and 2019. He was the guest editor of a special issue on metasurface for the journal of Applied Sciences in 2018. Now he is the guest editor of a special issue on plasmonic metasurface for the journal of Photonics. He has served as an Associate Editor of IEEE Photonics Journal since April 2021.

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Qiu, Y., Tang, S., Cai, T. et al. Fundamentals and applications of spin-decoupled Pancharatnam—Berry metasurfaces. Front. Optoelectron. 14, 134–147 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-021-1220-6

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