Abstract
A comprehensive investigation on cavitating flow and cavitation-induced erosion was performed experimentally in an orifice plate system. Three image post-processed approaches were applied to analyze the test data, in order to obtain the cavitation characteristics. The cavitating flow pattern was studied by high speed images. In one cavitation developing period, there could be three distinct cavitation clouds, whereas the second one is not fully developed. The first image post-processing approach was applied to obtain the mean value and standard deviation distribution, which indicate the erosion area may cover almost all the cavitation developing route and the most vulnerable erosion area locates near the cavitation collapse site. It is coincides with the erosion tests analyzed through the pit-count algorithm approach. The cavitation circulation frequency was invested via PSD analysis approach. It shows that the frequency linearly decreasing with decreasing cavitation number. Additionally, the cavitation intensity effect on cavitation erosion was quantitatively studied based. It is found that the damages are strongly enhanced when increasing the flow velocity. Moreover, the growth rate of eroded pits number is actually stepwise instead of linear (similar to our previous work in a venturi tube), which supports the idea that the cloud cavitation collapse is the primary reason for erosion. The present approaches applied here shows good potential ability of investigating cavitating flows and can be utilized for other apparatus.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. Wang, Y. Wang, H. L. Liu, H. Q. Huang and L. L. Jiang, An improved turbulence model for predicting unsteady cavitating flows in centrifugal pump, International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 25 (2015) 1198–1213.
H. L. Liu, J. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Q. Huang, H. Q. Huang and L. L. Jiang, Partially-averaged navier-stokes model for predicting cavitating flow in centrifugal pump, Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 8 (2014) 319–329.
Y. L. Wu, J. T. Liu, Y. K. Sun, S. H. Liu and Z.G. Zuo, Numerical analysis of flow in a Francis turbine on an equal critical cavitation coefficient line, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 27 (6) (2013) 1635–1641.
X. W. Luo, W. Wei, B. Ji, Z. B. Pan, W. C. Zhou and H. Y. Xu, Comparison of cavitation prediction for a centrifugal pump with or without volute casing, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 27 (6) (2013) 1643–1648.
B. Ji, X. Luo, Y. Wu, X. Peng and H. Xu, Partially-Averaged Navier–Stokes method with modified k–e model for cavitating flow around a marine propeller in a nonuniform wake, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55 (2012) 6582–6588.
B. Ji, X. Luo, Y. Wu and K. Miyagawa, Numerical investigation of three-dimensional cavitation evolution and excited pressure fluctuations around a twisted hydrofoil, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 28 (2014) 2659–2668.
B. Y. Kang and S. H. Kang, Effect of the flat tank bottom on performance and cavitation characteristics of a cargo pump, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 28 (2014) 3051–3057.
X. M. Guo, L. H. Zhu, Z. C. Zhu, B. L. Cui and Y. Li, Numerical and experimental investigations on the cavitation characteristics of a high-speed centrifugal pump with a splitter-blade inducer, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 29 (2015) 259–267.
N. Pham-Thanh, H. Van Tho and Y. J. Yum, Evaluation of cavitation erosion of a propeller blade surface made of composite materials, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 29 (2015) 1629–1636.
L. Rayleigh VIII, On the pressure developed in a liquid during the collapse of a spherical cavity, The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 34 (1917) 94–98.
Y. C. Wang and C. E. Brennen, Shock wave development in the collapse of a cloud of bubbles, ASME-American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1994 15–19.
J. E. Field, J. J. Camus, M. Tinguely, D. Obreschkow and M. Farhat, Cavitation in impacted drops and jets and the effect on erosion damage thresholds, Wear, 290 (2012) 154–160.
J. P. Franc, M. Riondet, A. Karimi and G. L. Chahine, Impact load measurements in an erosive cavitating flow, Journal of Fluids Engineering, 133 (2011) 121301.
D. Carnelli, A. Karimi and J. P. Franc, Application of spherical nanoindentation to determine the pressure of cavitation impacts from pitting tests, Journal of Materials Research, 27 (2011) 91–99.
S. Hattori, T. Hirose and K. Sugiyama, Prediction method for cavitation erosion based on measurement of bubble collapse impact loads, Wear, 269 (2010) 507–514.
H. Soyama, A. Lichtarowicz, T. Momma and E. J. Williams, A new calibration method for dynamically loaded transducers and its application to cavitation impact measurement, Journal of Fluids Engineering, 120 (1998) 712–718.
R. T. Knapp, Recent Investigations of the Mechanics of Cavitation and Cavitation Damage, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1954).
R. T. Knapp, Accelerated field tests of cavitation intensity. Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 80 (1958) 91–102.
B. Bachert, G. Ludwig, B. Stoffel, B. Sirok and M. Novak, Experimental investigations concerning erosive aggressiveness of cavitation in a radial test pump with the aid of adhesive copper films, Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Cavitation, CAV2003, Japan (2003).
E. Hutli, M. S. Nedeljkovic, A. Bonyár and D. Légrády, Experimental study on the influence of geometrical parameters on the cavitation erosion characteristics of high speed submerged jets, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 80 (2017) 281–292.
J. R. Laguna-Camacho, R. Lewis, M. Vite-Torres and J. V. Méndez-Méndez, A study of cavitation erosion on engineering materials, Wear, 301 (2013) 467–476.
J. P. Franc, Incubation time and cavitation erosion rate of work-hardening materials, Journal of Fluids Engineering, 131 (2009) 021303.
M. Rijsbergen, E. J. Foeth, P. Fitzsimmons and A. Boorsma, High-speed video observations and acousticimpact measurements on a NACA 0015 foil, Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Cavitation, CAV2012, Singapore (2012).
S. Lavigne, A. Retailleau and J. Woillez, Measurement of the aggressivity of erosive cavitating flows by a technique of pits analysis. Application to a method of prediction of erosion, Proc. Int. Symp. Cavitation CAV95 (1995).
X. Escaler, M. Farhat, F. Avellan and E. Egusquiza, Cavitation erosion tests on a 2d hydrofoil using surface-mounted obstacles, Wear, 254 (2003) 441–449.
M. Dular and A. Osterman, Pit clustering in cavitation erosion, Wear, 265 (2008) 811–820.
M. Dular, O. C. Delgosha and M. Petkovsek, Observations of cavitation erosion pit formation, Ultrason Sonochem, 20 (2013) 1113–1120.
M. Petkovšek and M. Dular, Simultaneous observation of cavitation structures and cavitation erosion, Wear, 300 (2013) 55–64.
G. Bark and R. E. Bensow, Hydrodynamic mechanisms controlling cavitation erosion, International Shipbuilding Progress, 60 (2013) 345–374.
R. F. Patella, A. Archer and C. Flageul, Numerical and experimental investigations on cavitation erosion, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 15 (2012).
M. Dular, B. Stoffel and B. Širok, Development of a cavitation erosion model, Wear, 261 (2006) 642–655.
N. Ochiai, Y. Iga, M. Nohmi and T. Ikohagi, Numerical prediction of cavitation erosion in cavitating flow, Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Cavitation, CAV2009, USA (2009).
J. Wang, M. Petkovšek, H. L. Liu, B. Širok and M. Dular, Combined numerical and experimental investigation of the cavitation erosion process, Journal of Fluids Engineering, 137 (2015) 051302.
Z. R. Li, M. Pourquie and T. van Terwisga, Assessment of cavitation erosion with a URANS method, Journal of Fluids Engineering, 136 (2014) 041101.
M. Gavaises, F. Villa, P. Koukouvinis, M. Marengo and J.-P. Franc, Visualisation and les simulation of cavitation cloud formation and collapse in an axisymmetric geometry, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 68 (2015) 14–26.
F. Brand, Ein physikalisches verfahren zur bestimmung von geloesten und ungeloesten gasen in wasser, Voith Forschung und Konstruktion, 27 (1981).
M. Dular, B. Bachert, B. Stoffel and B. Širok, Relationship between cavitation structures and cavitation damage, Wear, 257 (2004) 1176–1184.
T. Keil, P. F. Pelz, U. Cordes and G. Ludwig, Cloud cavitation and cavitation erosion in convergent divergent nozzle, WIMRC 3rd International Cavitation Forum 2011, University of Warwick, UK 2011 1–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Recommended by Associate Editor Sangyoup Lee
J. Wang received his Ph.D. degree from Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University in 2015. He has been engaged in cavitating flows and cavitation erosion in hydrodynamic machines.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Y., Zhuang, S., Liu, H. et al. Image post-processed approaches for cavitating flow in orifice plate. J Mech Sci Technol 31, 3305–3315 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-017-0621-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-017-0621-3