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Redox-active nanoparticles for inflammatory bowel disease

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Abstract

Homeostasis of gut microbiota is extremely essential for maintaining nutrient metabolism and regulating immunological function. The increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is strongly associated with dysregulation of gut microbiota. During activated inflammation, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produced by inflammatory cells play a detrimental role in regulating IBD and gut microbiota. ROS/RNS cause damage to the surrounding tissues, including nutrient absorption disorders, intestinal dysmotility and barrier dysfunction. Meanwhile, ROS/RNS provide terminal electron receptors for anaerobic respiration and support the bloom of facultative anaerobes, eventually causing gut microbiota dysbiosis. Redox-active nanoparticles (NPs) with catalytic properties or enzyme-like activities can effectively scavenge ROS/RNS, and selectively target inflamed sites via ultrasmall size-mediated enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, showing great potential to regulate IBD and maintain the homeostasis of gut microbiota. In addition, the widespread application of NPs in commercial products has increased their accumulation in healthy organisms, and the biological effects on normal microbiota resulting from long-term exposure of NPs to gastrointestinal tract also need attention.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91859101, 81971744, U1932107, and 81471786), the National Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No. 19JCZDJC34000), and the Innovation Foundation of Tianjin University.

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  1. Qinjuan Ren and Si Sun contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China

    Qinjuan Ren, Si Sun & Xiao-Dong Zhang

  2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Xiao-Dong Zhang

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  1. Qinjuan Ren
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  2. Si Sun
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  3. Xiao-Dong Zhang
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Correspondence to Xiao-Dong Zhang.

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Ren, Q., Sun, S. & Zhang, XD. Redox-active nanoparticles for inflammatory bowel disease. Nano Res. 14, 2535–2557 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3303-5

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