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Up-regulation of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems by exogenous glycinebetaine and proline in mung bean confer tolerance to cadmium stress

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Abstract

The present study investigates the possible mediatory role of exogenously applied glycinebetaine (betaine) and proline on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification systems in mung bean seedlings subjected to cadmium (Cd) stress (1 mM CdCl2, 48 h). Cadmium stress caused a significant increase in glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) content, while the ascorbate (AsA) content decreased significantly with a sharp increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation level (MDA). Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glyoxalase I (Gly I) activities were increased in response to Cd stress, while the activities of catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) were sharply decreased. Exogenous application of 5 mM betaine or 5 mM proline resulted in an increase in GSH and AsA content, maintenance of a high GSH/GSSG ratio and increased the activities of APX, DHAR, MDHAR, GR, GST, GPX, CAT, Gly I and Gly II involved in ROS and MG detoxification system as compared to the control and mostly also Cd-stressed plants, with a concomitant decrease in GSSG content, H2O2 and lipid peroxidation level. These findings together with our earlier findings suggest that both betaine and proline provide a protective action against Cd-induced oxidative stress by reducing H2O2 and lipid peroxidation levels and by increasing the antioxidant defense and MG detoxification systems.

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Abbreviations

AO:

ascorbate oxidase

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

AsA:

ascorbic acid

CAT:

catalase

CDNB:

1- chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene

DHA:

dehydroascorbate

DHAR:

dehydroascorbate reductase

DTNB:

5,5′-dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)

EDTA:

ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid

Gly I:

glyoxalase I

Gly II:

glyoxalase II

GR:

glutathione reductase

GSH:

reduced glutathione

GSSG:

oxidized glutathione

GPX:

glutathione peroxidase

GST:

glutathione S-transferase

MDA:

malondialdehyde

MDHA:

monodehydroascorbate

MDHAR:

monodehydroascorbate reductase

MG:

methylglyoxal

NTB:

2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SLG:

S-D-lactoylglutathione

TBA:

thiobarbituric acid

TCA:

trichloroactic acid

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to Dr. Md. Abdul Malek, Principal Scientific Officer, Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh for providing the seeds of Vigna cultivars.

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  1. Department of Applied Biological Science, Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan

    Mohammad Anwar Hossain, Mirza Hasanuzzaman & Masayuki Fujita

  2. Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh

    Mohammad Anwar Hossain

  3. Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

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  1. Mohammad Anwar Hossain
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Correspondence to Masayuki Fujita.

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Hossain, M.A., Hasanuzzaman, M. & Fujita, M. Up-regulation of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems by exogenous glycinebetaine and proline in mung bean confer tolerance to cadmium stress. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 16, 259–272 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-010-0028-4

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