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Plant growth under water/salt stress: ROS production; antioxidants and significance of added potassium under such conditions

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Abstract

Plants are confronted with a variety of environmenmtal stresses resulting in enhanced production of ROS. Plants require a threshold level of ROS for vital functions and any change in their concentration alters the entire physiology of plant. Delicate balance of ROS is maintained by an efficient functioning of intriguing indigenous defence system called antioxidant system comprising enzymatic and non enzymatic components. Down regulation of antioxidant system leads to ROS induced oxidative stress causing damage to important cellular structures and hence anomalies in metabolism. Proper mineral nutrition, in addition to other agricultural practices, forms an important part for growth and hence the yield. Potassium (K) is a key macro-element regulating growth and development through alterations in physiological and biochemical attributes. K has been reported to result into accumulation of osmolytes and augmentation of antioxidant components in the plants exposed to water and salt stress. In the present review an effort has been made to revisit the old findings and the current advances in research regarding the role of optimal, suboptimal and deficient K soil status on growth under normal and stressful conditions. Effect of K deficiency and sufficiency is discussed and the information about the K mediated antioxidant regulation and plant response is highlighted.

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Abbreviations

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

PCD:

Programmed cell death

ABA:

Abscisic acid

SAR:

Sodium adsorption ratio

ESP:

Exchangeable sodium percentage

EC:

Electrical conductivity

PSII:

Photosystem II

HKT:

High affinity potassium transporter

SOS:

Salt overly sensitive

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

O2 − :

Superoxide ion

1O2 :

Singlet oxygen

O2 2− :

Peroxide

O2H:

Perhydroxyl radical

OH− :

Hydroxyl radical

RO− :

Alkoxy radicals

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

NO:

Nitric oxide

NO2 :

Nitric dioxide

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

MDHAR:

Monodehydroascorbate reductase

DHAR:

Dehydroascorbate reductase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GST:

Glutathione-S-transferase

AsA:

Ascorbic acid

MDHA:

Monodehydroascorbate; oxidised ascorbate

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSSG:

Glutathione disulphide; oxidised glutathione

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase

AKT:

Arabidopsis shaker type

CNGC:

Cyclic nucleotide gated channel

KUP/HAK:

High affinity potassium transporter

NSCC:

Non selective cation channels

NHX:

Sodium proton exchanger

TPK1:

Tonoplast two pore K+ type channel

GORK:

Guard cell outward-rectifying K+ channel

SKOR:

Stelar K+ outward-rectifying channel

HPODEs:

Hydroperoxy octadecadienoates

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to Head, School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP for providing necessary facilities and thanks to Dr Shahid Umar, Hamdard University for sharing some of the literature. First author is highly thankful to Jiwaji University, Gwalior and MPCST, Bhopal for financial assistance. Funding was provided by Jiwaji University (Grant No. F/DEV/2013-14/33) and MPCST, Bhopal (Grant No. 1466/CST/R&D(BS)/2015).

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  1. School of Studies in Botany, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP, 474011, India

    Mohammad Abass Ahanger, Nisha Singh Tomar, Megha Tittal, Surendra Argal & R. M. Agarwal

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  1. Mohammad Abass Ahanger
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  2. Nisha Singh Tomar
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Ahanger, M.A., Tomar, N.S., Tittal, M. et al. Plant growth under water/salt stress: ROS production; antioxidants and significance of added potassium under such conditions. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 23, 731–744 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-017-0462-7

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