Skip to main content
Log in

Physiological Changes and Expression of SOD and P5CS Genes in Response to Water Deficit in Sugarcane

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Sugar Tech Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Drought stress is one of the major environmental stresses affecting growth and productivity of sugarcane in many areas of tropical and subtropical India. Resistance to water deficit in plants can occur through proline accumulation and higher expression of antioxidant enzymes. The differential expression patterns of drought-responsive genes in different plant tissues at different growth stages could provide an opportunity to characterize the traits associated with yield advantage under drought and to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms that confer increased drought tolerance. Present study was aimed to examine the effect of short term water deficit on physiological attributes and expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and P5CS (pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase) genes using two sugarcane varieties, CoLk 94184 (an early maturing) and BO 91 (a mid late maturing). Single bud setts of two varieties of sugarcane were planted in earthen pots filled with soil in the month of February, 2013. After about 60 days of planting, water deficit was created by withholding water supply for 24, 48, and 72 h along with control and recovery treatment. Results obtained indicated increased proline content in leaf tissues with an increase in duration of water deficit; highest increase was observed at 72 h of water deficit conditions. Early maturing variety, CoLk 94184 showed higher accumulation of proline content with severe wilting as compared to mid late maturing variety BO 91. RWC, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents and SPAD reading decreased with water deficit level, while, recovery treatment showed increase in these attributes in both the varieties. Specific activity of SOD and peroxidase enzymes increased due to water deficit conditions. Quantitative expression of SOD and P5CS genes increased only up to 48 h of water deficit treatment and at 72 h treatment their expression was low. After recovery treatment, gene expression increased in both the varieties. Higher expression of SOD and P5CS genes up to certain level of water deficit (48 h), proline content and activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and peroxidase) may help in tolerance to water deficit condition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chlorplasts: polyphenol Oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology 24: 1–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barrs, H.D., and W.P.E. Weatherly. 1966. A reexamination of relative water turgidity technique for estimation of water deficits in leaves. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 15: 413–428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrs, H.D. 1968. Determination of water deficit in plant tissues. In Water Deficits and Plant Growth, ed. T.T. Kozlowski, Vol. I, 235–268, Academic Press: New York and London.

  • Bates, L.S., R.P. Waldren, and I.D. Teare. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water—stress studies. Plant and Soil 39: 205–207.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beauchamp, C., and I. Fridovich. 1971. Superoxide dismutasees: Improved assay and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry 44: 276–287.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borrmann, D., R.D. Junqueira, P. Sinnecker, M.S.D. Gomes, I.A. Castro, and U.M.L. Marquez. 2009. Chemical and biochemical characterization of soybean produced under drought stress. Food Science Technology 29(3): 676–681.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cha-um, S., and C. Kirdmanee. 2008. Effect of osmotic stress on proline accumulation, photosynthetic abilities and growth of sugarcane plantlets (Saccharum officinarum). Pakistan Journal of Botany 40: 2541–2552.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du, Y.C., Y. Kawamitsu, A. Nose, S. Hiyane, S. Murayama, K. Wasano, and Y. Uchida. 1996. Effects of water stress on carbon exchange rate and activities of photosynthetic enzymes in leaves of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.). Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 23: 719–726.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gascho, G.J., and S.F. Shih. 1983. Sugarcane. In Crop Water Relations, ed. I.D. Teare, and M.M. Peet, 445–479. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gosal, S.S., S.H. Wani, and M.S. Kang. 2009. Biotechnology and drought tolerance. Journal of Crop Improvement 23: 19–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graça, J.P., F.A. Rodrigues, J.R.B. Farias, M.C.N. Oliveira, C.B. Hoffmann-Campo, and S.M. Zingaretti. 2010. Physiological parameters in sugarcane cultivars submitted to water deficit. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 22: 189–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendry, G.A.F., and A.H. Price. 1993. Stress indicators: chlorophylls and carotenoids. In Methods in Comparative Plant Ecology, ed. G.A.F. Hendry, and J.P. Grime, 148–152. London: Chapman and Hall.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Iba, K. 2002. Acclimation responses to temperature stress in higher plants: approaches of gene engineering for temperature tolerance. Annual Review Plant Biology 53: 225–245.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inman-Bamber, N.G. 2004. Sugarcane water stress criteria for irrigation and drying off. Field Crops Research 89: 107–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jain, R., A.K. Shrivastava, M. Srivastava, and Jyotsna Singh Jyotsna. 2003. Specific activity and Iso-zyme pattern of oxido-reductases in relation to chlorosis in sugarcane. Indian Journal Plant Physiology 8: 560–564.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kavi Kishor, P.B., S. Sangam, R.N. Amruth, P. Sri Laxmi, K.R. Naidu, K.R.S.S. Rao, K.J. Sreenath Rao Reddy, P. Theriappan, and N. Sreenivasulu. 2005. Regulation of proline biosynthesis, degradation, uptake and transport in higher plants: its implications in plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Current Science 88: 424–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, O.H., N.J. Rosenbrough, A.L. Farr, and R.J. Randall. 1951. Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. Journal Biolological Chemistry 193: 265–275.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masoumi, H., M. Masoumi, F. Darvish, J. Daneshian, G. Nourmohammadi, and D. Davood Habibi. 2010. Change in several antioxidant enzymes activity and seed yield by water deficit stress in soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 38: 86–94.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minolta Camera Co. Ltd., (1989). Chlorophyll meter SPAD-502. Instruction Manual. Radiometric Instruments Divisions, Osaka, Minolta, p. 22.

  • Molinari, H.B.C., C.J. Marur, E. Daros, M.K.F. Campos, J.F.R.P. Carvalho, J.C. Bespalhok-Filho, L.F.P. Pereira, and L.G.E. Vieira. 2007. Evaluation of the stress-inducible production of proline in transgenic sugarcane (Saccharum spp.): osmotic adjustment, chlorophyll fluorescence and oxidative stress. Physiologia Plantarum 130: 218–229.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nayyar, H., and D. Gupta. 2006. Differential sensitivity of C3 and C4 plants to water deficit stress: Association with oxidative stress and antioxidants. Environ. Journal of Experimental Botany 58: 106–113.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Netto, A.T., E. Campostrini, J.G. de Oliveira, and R.E. Bressan-Smith. 2005. Photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen, chlorophyll a fluorescence and SPAD-502 readings in coffee leaves. Scientia Horticulturae 104: 199–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oncel, I., Y. Keles, and A.S. UStun. 2000. Entractive effects of temperature and heavy metal stress on the growth and some biochemical compounds in wheat seedlings. Environment Pollution 107: 315–320.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaper, H., and E.K. Chacko. 1991. Relation between extractable chloropyll and portable chlorophyll meter readings in leaves of eight tropical and subtropical fruit-tree species. Journal Plant Physiology 138: 674–677.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silva, M.A., J.L. Jifon, J.A.G. Silva, and V. Sharma. 2007. Use of physiological parameters as fast tools to screen for drought tolerance in sugarcane. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 19: 193–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S. 1987. Physiological basis for varietal improvement under stress environment in Sug-arcane. In Sugarcane Varietal Improvement, ed. K. Mohan Naidu, T.V. Srinivasan, and M.N. Premchandran, 57–82. Coimbatore: SBI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M.A., A. Singles and R. Van Antwerpen. 2005. Differences in canopy development of two sugarcane cultivars under conditions of water stress. Proceedings of the 78th Annual Congress of South African Sugar Technologists Association, 149–152.

  • Wahid, A. 2007. Physiological implications of metabolite biosynthesis for net assimilation and heat-stress tolerance of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) sprouts. Journal of Plant Research 120: 219–228.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, M.Q., and R.K. Chen. 1998. Osmotic adjustment in leaves of sugarcane (S. officinarum, L.) in response to water stress. Indian Sugar 48(9): 707–713.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Radha Jain.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jain, R., Chandra, A., Venugopalan, V.K. et al. Physiological Changes and Expression of SOD and P5CS Genes in Response to Water Deficit in Sugarcane. Sugar Tech 17, 276–282 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-014-0317-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-014-0317-2

Keywords

Navigation