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Environmental assessment of heavy metal contamination in bottom sediments of Al-Kharrar lagoon, Rabigh, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

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Abstract

In order to assess the pollution levels of selected heavy metals, 45 bottom sediment samples were collected from Al-Kharrar lagoon in central western Saudi Arabia. The concentrations of the heavy metals were recorded using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results showed that the concentrations of Pb and Cd exceeded the environmental background values. However, the heavy metal contents were less than the threshold effect level (TEL) limit. The concentrations of heavy metals in lagoon bottom sediments varied spatially, but their variations showed similar trends. Elevated levels of metals were observed in the northern and southern parts of the lagoon. Evaluation of contamination levels by the sediment quality guidelines (SQG) of the US-EPA revealed that sediments were non-polluted-moderately to heavily polluted with Pb; non-polluted to moderately polluted with Cu; and non-polluted with Mn, Zn, Cd, and Cr. The geoaccumulation index showed that lagoon sediments were unpolluted with Cd, Mn, Fe, Hg, Mo, and Se; unpolluted to moderately polluted with Zn and Co; and moderately polluted with Pb, Cr, Cu, and As. The high enrichment factor values for Pb, As, Cu, Cr, Co, and Zn (>2) indicate their anthropogenic sources, whereas the remaining elements were of natural origins consistent with their low enrichment levels. The values of CF indicate that the bottom sediments of Al-Kharrar lagoon are moderately contaminated with Mn and Pb.

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Acknowledgments

Authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding this research group No. (RG-1435-033). Prof. Aref Lashin was thanked for his help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology and Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Youssef & Abdelbaset El-Sorogy

  2. Department of Geology, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt

    Mohamed Youssef

  3. Department of Geology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt

    Abdelbaset El-Sorogy

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  1. Mohamed Youssef
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  2. Abdelbaset El-Sorogy
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Correspondence to Mohamed Youssef.

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Youssef, M., El-Sorogy, A. Environmental assessment of heavy metal contamination in bottom sediments of Al-Kharrar lagoon, Rabigh, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. Arab J Geosci 9, 474 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-016-2498-3

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