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Motivational and Volitional Correlates of Physical Activity in Participants Reporting No, Past, and Current Hypertension: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Observation Study

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Abstract

Purpose

The study investigated differences in motivational and volitional correlates of physical activity in persons who reported currently having hypertension, had hypertension in the past, or had no hypertension by using the health action process approach as a theoretical background.

Method

Self-reported data from 512 participants (71.9% women; M age = 46.83 years; SD age = 13.77; M BMI = 24.89; SD BMI = 4.71) were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc comparisons of groups to determine differences in motivational and volitional correlates for physical activity between groups followed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Additionally, χ 2 statistic was used to analyze differences in the distribution of behavioral stages between groups.

Results

Participants with hypertension reported a higher perceived vulnerability (d = 0.99) and lower action planning (d = 0.32) and self-efficacy (d = 0.30) compared to those who indicated no hypertension. Their perceived vulnerability was also higher compared to those who indicated past hypertension on the mean level (d = 0.60). Significant main effects for all independent variables were found when controlling for gender and HAPA stages with main effects for perceived vulnerability, action planning, and self-efficacy. Participants with current hypertension were more prominent in the intender stage, whereas participants with past hypertension were more likely to be in the actor stage. Participants with no hypertension at all were equally distributed across the intender and actor stages.

Conclusion

The study contributes to the understanding of differences in motivational and volitional correlates of physical activity in persons who reported different hypertension statuses.

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Acknowledgements

This study was conducted with the help of the Stiftung Bremer Herzen, which kindly hosted the questionnaire. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

    Julian Wienert

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany

    Tim Kuhlmann

  3. Bremer Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufforschung, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany

    Sebastian Fink & Rainer Hambrecht

  4. Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany

    Sonia Lippke

  5. Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences, Bremen, Germany

    Sonia Lippke

Authors
  1. Julian Wienert
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  2. Tim Kuhlmann
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  3. Sebastian Fink
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  4. Rainer Hambrecht
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  5. Sonia Lippke
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julian Wienert.

Ethics declarations

Rainer Hambrecht is chair of the Stiftung Bremer Herzen, which hosted the questionnaire. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Prior to participation, participants were informed about their rights and the ability to withdraw participation at any time without any consequences. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

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Wienert, J., Kuhlmann, T., Fink, S. et al. Motivational and Volitional Correlates of Physical Activity in Participants Reporting No, Past, and Current Hypertension: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Observation Study. Int.J. Behav. Med. 24, 908–914 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-017-9649-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-017-9649-0

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