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Palaeovegetational evolution of the Çankırı-Çorum Basin during the Mio-Pliocene (Central Anatolia) based on the IPR analysis method

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Abstract

Reconstruction of past vegetation and climates in the Çankırı-Çorum Basin, one of the largest basins of Central Anatolia, is important for understanding the regional palaeovegetation. In this study, the palaeovegetational and palaeoclimatic proxies of the basin within the late middle Miocene and early Pleistocene interval are presented using the Integrated Plant Record (IPR) vegetation analysis and the coexistence approach (CA). The IPR analysis allows the reconstruction of six types of zonal vegetation: broad-leaved deciduous forests (BLDF), mixed mesophytic forests (MMF), broad-leaved evergreen forests (BLEF), xeric open woodlands and xeric grasslands or steppes, all identified from the microfloras of Çankırı-Çorum Basin. During the late middle Miocene, warm temperate and humid climatic conditions prevailed and the palaeovegetation in the Çankırı-Çorum Basin was represented by BLEF and an ecotone between MMF and BLEF. The cooling from the late middle Miocene to early late Miocene had begun as well, as low precipitation periods in the climatic conditions during the same time interval were recorded in the basin. Presumably, the proportion of broad-leaved deciduous elements remained balanced because the palaeotopography did not change significantly during the late Miocene in the Çankırı-Çorum Basin. The recorded cooling could be related to a global climatic change from the middle to late Miocene. During the Tortonian to Messinian transition, the palaeovegetation type was represented by BLDF and suggests a continuous cooling trend in the basin. The palaeovegetation types of the late late Miocene comprise MMF in the northern part of the Çankırı-Çorum Basin and xeric grassland or steppe in the southern part of the basin. Warm and dry climatic conditions were recorded from the Tortonian to the Messinian; these warm conditions during the Messinian could be correlated to the Messinian salinity crisis. According to the IPR analysis results, the northern part of the Çankırı-Çorum Basin palaeotopography seems to be higher in altitude than the southern part. Palaeovegetation types in the latest late Miocene and early Pliocene were characterised by MMF and an ecotone between BLDF and MMF in the northern part of the Çankırı-Çorum Basin and open woodland vegetation in the southern part of the basin. The percentage of the broad-leaved deciduous component from the latest late Miocene and early Pliocene decreases in the Çankırı-Çorum Basin, which could be related to beginning uplift starting changes in the palaeotopography. In the early Pliocene, this uplift was continued in the basin.

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Acknowledgements

This study is part of the Anatolian Plateau Climate and Tectonic Hazards (ALErT) project. We are very grateful to the guest editor Lars van den Hoek Ostende, the journal editors (Peter Koenigshof and Sinje Weber) and the reviewers Torsten Utescher and Vasilis Teodoridis for their constructive remarks and valuable comments, which markedly improved the final version of this paper. This work is a contribution to the International Network Programme NECLIME (www.neclime.de).

Funding

The authors received financial support from the EU Marie Curie Actions under the 7FP-PEOPLE-2013-ITN (grant agreement number 607996), Slovak Research and Development Agency (PALEOCLIM - APVV-15-0575 project) and Dokuz Eylül University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science project numbers 02KB.FEN.046.

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  1. Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Dokuz Eylül University, Haydar Aliyev Bul. No: 32, İnciraltı, 35340, İzmir, Turkey

    Mine Sezgül Kayseri-Özer

  2. Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

    Müge Atalar & Marianna Kováčová

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  1. Mine Sezgül Kayseri-Özer
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This article is a contribution to the special issue “Taking the Orient Express? The role of Anatolia in Mediterranean Neogene palaeobiogeography”

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Kayseri-Özer, M.S., Atalar, M. & Kováčová, M. Palaeovegetational evolution of the Çankırı-Çorum Basin during the Mio-Pliocene (Central Anatolia) based on the IPR analysis method. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 99, 571–590 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-019-00383-6

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