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Anti-Proliferative and Anti-Biofilm Potentials of Bacteriocins Produced by Non-Pathogenic Enterococcus sp.

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Abstract

The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide; likewise, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant biofilm-forming pathogens has led to a tremendous increase in morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic properties of bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus sp. with a focus on their anti-biofilm and anticancer activities. Three of 79 Enterococcus isolates (FM43, FM65, FM50) were identified as producers of broad-spectrum bioactive molecules and were molecularly characterized as Enterococcus faecium by 16S rRNA sequencing. Phenotypic and genotypic screening for potential virulence factors revealed no factors known to promote pathogenicity. Treatment with proteinase K resulted in diminished antimicrobial activity; PCR-based screening for bacteriocin genes suggested the presence of both entA and entB genes that encode enterocins A and B, respectively. Maximum antimicrobial activity was detected during the early stationary phase, while activity disappeared after 24 h in culture. Bacteriocins from these isolates were stable at high temperatures and over a wide range of pH. Interestingly, crude supernatants of Ent. faecium FM43 and Ent. faecium FM50 resulted in significant destruction (80% and 48%, respectively; P < 0.05) of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175–associated preformed biofilms. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity assays revealed that extracts from Ent. faecium isolates FM43, FM65, and FM50 inhibited Caco-2 cell proliferation by 76.9%, 70%, and 85.3%, respectively. Taken together, the multifunctional capabilities of the microbial-derived proteins identified in our study suggest potentially important roles as alternative treatments for biofilm-associated infections and cancer.

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Acknowledgments

We are so grateful to Dr. Tarek Dishisha and Dr. Mohamed Sebak for their kind help, suggestions, and recommendation during the current study.

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Author notes

  1. Ahmed S. Khairalla equally contributed as the first author

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt

    Fatma Molham, Ahmed S. Khairalla, Ahmed F. Azmy, Eman El-Gebaly, Ahmed O. El-Gendy & Sameh AbdelGhani

  2. Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada

    Ahmed S. Khairalla

  3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Cairo, 12585, Egypt

    Eman El-Gebaly

  4. Department of Pathology & Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA

    Sameh AbdelGhani

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A.O.E. and A.S.K. designed all preliminary experiments. A.O.E. and A.F.A. revised the microbiology experiment design and organized and analyzed the data. F.M., A.O.E., and A.F.A. performed all the study experiments and interpreted the project results. F.M. wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. A.O.E., A.S.K., A.F.A., and E.A.G revised the manuscript, and S.M.A. did final revision of the manuscript prior to its submission.

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Correspondence to Ahmed F. Azmy or Ahmed O. El-Gendy.

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Molham, F., Khairalla, A.S., Azmy, A.F. et al. Anti-Proliferative and Anti-Biofilm Potentials of Bacteriocins Produced by Non-Pathogenic Enterococcus sp.. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 13, 571–585 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-020-09711-1

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