Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Mix Design Optimization of Silica Fume-Based Pervious Concrete for Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewaters

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Silicon Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the past decade more attention has been paid to storm waters as well as urban runoff as a new source of water. While these waters can be effectively used, one should remove their unwanted pollutants; thus the effect of mix design factors on removal of Cu and Ni from aqueous solution was investigated. For this purpose a fractional factorial experiment was used and the results were analyzed and optimized by using Minitab 17 software. Subsequently, appropriate amounts of natural zeolite, iron oxide and superplasticizer were optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM), with the goal of maximizing Cu and Ni removal as well as increasing permeability and minimizing the cost of concrete construction. The optimum mix design of pervious concrete includes pumice aggregate (grain size between No. 4 ∼ No. 3/8” sieve), W/C (0.25), A/C (4), 100 Kg Portland cement per cubic meter of concrete, silica fume (5.05 percentage of cement weight), zeolite (5.45 percentage of cement weight), iron oxide (0.5 percentage of cement weight), and superplasticizer (0.11 percentage of cement weight). Verification samples indicated 69% Ni removal, 84.5% Cu removal, the compressive strength of 2 MPa and permeability coefficient of 1.6 cm/s.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dierkes C, Holte A, Geiger W (2000) Heavy metal retention within a porous pavement structure. University of Essen , Essen

    Google Scholar 

  2. Sansalone J, Buchberger S (1996) Characterisation of solid and metal element distributions in urban highway stormwater. In: Seventh international conference on urban storm drainage hannover

  3. Grottker M (1987) Runoff quality from a street with medium traffic loading. Sci Total Environ 59:457–466

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Damodaram C, Giacomoni M, Khedun C, Holmes H, Ryan A, Saour W, Zechman E (2010) Simulation of combined best management practices and low impact development for sustainable stormwater management. J Amer Water Resour Assoc 46(5):907–918

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Strecker E, Urbonas B, Jones J, Clary J (2001) Dermining urban storm water BMP effectiveness. J Water Resour Plann Mang 127(3):144–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kauffman G, Brant T (2000) The role of impervious cover as a watershedbased zoning tool to protect water quality in the christina basin of delaware,pennsylvania, and maryland. In: Proceedings of the water environment federation conference. Vancouver, Canada

  7. NRMCA (2006) Ready Mixed Concrete Industry LEED Reference Guide, Silver spring, http://www.rmc-foundation.org

  8. Montes F, Haselbach L (2006) Measuring hydraulic conductivity in pervious concrete. Environ Eng Sci 23(6):960–969

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lian C, Zhuge Y (2010) Optimum mix design of enhanced permeable concrete – An experimental investigation. Constr Build Mater 24:2664–2671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Putman B, Neptune A (2011) Comparison of test specimen preparation techniques for pervious concrete pavements. Constr Build Mater 25:3480–3485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Shu X, Huang B, Wu H, Dong Q, Burdette E (2011) Performance comparison of laboratory and field produced pervious concrete mixtures. Constr Build Mater 25:3187–3192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ghafoori N, Dutta S (1995) Laboratory investigation of compacted no-fines concrete for paving materials. J Mater Civil Eng: 183–191

  13. Zheng-wu J, Zhen-ping S, Pei-ming W (2005) Effects of some factors on properties of porous pervious concrete. Journal of Building Materials

  14. Kevern J, Schaefer V, Wang K, Suleiman M (2008) Pervious concrete mixture proportions for improved freeze-thaw durability. J ASTM Int 5(2):521–533

    Google Scholar 

  15. Joshaghani A, Ramezanianpour A, Jaberizadeh M (2014) Mechanical characteristic of pervious concrete considering the gradation and size of coarse aggregates. Res J Environ Earth Sci 6:437–442

    Google Scholar 

  16. Loimula K, Kuosa H (2013) The impact of pervious pavements on water quality State-of-the-Art, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Project Num 79524

  17. Moraci N, Calabrò P (2010) Heavy metals removal and hydraulic performance in zero-valent iron/pumice permeable reactive barriers. J Environ Manag 91:2336–2341

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Park S, Tia M (2004) An experimental study on the water-purification properties of porous concrete. Cement Concr Res 34:177–184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Scholz M, Grabowiecki P (2007) Review of permeable pavement systems. Build Environ 42:3830–3836

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Sonebi M, Bassuoni M (2013) Investigating the effect of mixture design parameters on pervious concrete by statistical modelling. Constr Build Mater 38:147–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Martin C, Ruperd Y, Legret M (2007) Urban stormwater drainage management: The development of a multicriteria decision aid approach for best management practices. Eur J Oper Res 181:338–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Vázquez-Rivera NI, Soto-Pérez L, St John JN, Molina-Bas OI, Hwang SS (2015) Optimization of pervious concrete containing fly ash and iron oxid nanoparticles and its application for phosphorus removal. Constr Build Mater 93:22–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Montgomery D, Runger G, Hubele N (2011) Engineering statistics, 5th edn. Arizona State University, Wiley

  24. Foroughi M, Khiadani M, Amin MM, Pourzamani HR, Dastjerdi M (2013) Treatment of synthetic urban runoff using manganese oxidecoated sand in the presence of magnetic field. Int J Environ Health Eng 2(2):1–5

    Google Scholar 

  25. Pitcher S, Slade R, Ward N (2004) Heavy metal removal from motorway stormwater using zeolites. Sci Total Environ 334–335: 161–166

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Phuengprasopa T, Sittiwong J, Unobb F (2011) Removal of heavy metal ions by iron oxide coated sewage sludge. J Hazard Mater 186:502–507

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ok Y, Yang J, Zhang Y, Kim S, Chung D (2007) Heavy metal adsorption by a formulated zeolite-Portland cement mixture. J Hazard Mater 147:91–96

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ahmadi B, Shekarchi M (2010) Use of natural zeolite as a supplementary cementitious material. Cement Concr Compos 32:134–141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ramezanianpour A, Kazemian A, Sarvari M, Ahmadi B (2013) Use of natural zeolite to produce self-consolidating concrete with low portland cement content and high durability. J Mater Civ Eng 25(5):589–596

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Catalfamo P, Arrigo I, Primerano P, Corigliano F (2006) Efficiency of a zeolitized pumice waste as a low-cost heavy metals adsorbent. J Hazard Mater B134:140–143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Kevern J, Wang K, Suleiman M, Schaefer V (2005) Mix design development for pervious concrete in cold climates. In: Proceeding of the 2005 mid-continent transportation research symposium. Ames

  32. Yang J, Jiang G (2003) Experimental study on properties of pervious concrete pavement materials. Cement Concr Res 33(3):381–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Assaad JJ, Harb J (2013) Use of the falling-head method to assess permeability of freshly mixed cementitious-based materials. J Mater Civ Eng 25(5):580–588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Najimi M, Sobhani J, Ahmadi B, Shekarchi M (2012) An experimental study on durability properties of concrete containing zeolite as a highly reactive natural pozzolan. Constr Build Mater 35:1023–1033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. A. C. I. C. 5. ACI (2010) Report on Pervious concrete, American Concrete Institute, Report No. 522R-10., Michigan

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6135, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Yousefi

  2. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

    Sina Matavos-Aramyan

Authors
  1. Ali Yousefi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sina Matavos-Aramyan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sina Matavos-Aramyan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yousefi, A., Matavos-Aramyan, S. Mix Design Optimization of Silica Fume-Based Pervious Concrete for Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewaters. Silicon 10, 1737–1744 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-017-9663-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-017-9663-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation