Skip to main content
Log in

Non-Violent Communication and Marital Relationship: Efficacy of ‘Emotion-Focused Couples’ Communication Program Among Filipino Couples

  • Research in Progress
  • Published:
Psychological Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Non-Violent Communication (NVC), developed by Dr. Marshall B. Rosenberg, fosters intra- and interpersonal relationship through empathetic and compassionate communication. It has been used and proven effective in a variety of settings like schools, health care centers, jails, and in restorative and rehabilitative institutions. However, the use of NVC in the field of marital relationship is found to be relatively few. The present study aimed at investigating the efficacy of the intervention program, Emotion-Focused Couples’ Communication Program (EFCCP) in a Filipino setting. EFCCP which is an intervention program developed by the researchers based on the constructs of NVC has already been proven to be effective in a previous study involving couples in an Indian setting. This present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of the program’s shortened version in the Filipino setting and to test whether the program is culturally suited for Filipino married couples. Relational Communication Scale and Locke–Wallace Marital Adjustment Test were used to measure the level of communication and marital satisfaction among the couples. The EFCCP-Shortened Version was administered to a group of 12 couples for a period of 3 weeks, and the results revealed a significant difference in the level of couples’ communication and marital satisfaction among the participants. These results provided ample indications to the efficacy of the EFCCP-Shortened Version in enhancing communication and enriching marriage quality among couples across diverse settings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abalos, J. B. (2011). Living arrangements of the divorced and separated in the Philippines. Asian Journal of Social Science, 39(6), 845–863. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abalos, J. B. (2017). Divorce and separation in the Philippines: Trends and correlates. Demographic Research, 36, 1515–1548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anna, P. J. (2003). Study of adjustment among working women in relation to family environment, social support and some psychological factors (Unpublished doctoral Dissertation). Department of Psychology, Calicut University, Kozhikode, Kerala, India.

  • Aurea, J. M. (2011) Reclaiming Family: A Case for Generative Solidarity (Paper presented in Symposium on the Juriprudence of Extended families, Extending families and Intergenerational solidarity) Doha, Qatar.

  • Azeez, A. E. P. (2013). Employed women and marital satisfaction: A study among female nurses. International Journal of Management and Social Sciences Research, 2(11), 17–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birchler, G. R., & Fals-Stewart, W. (2006). Marital dysfunction. In M. Hersen (Ed.), Clinician’s handbook of adult behavioral assessment (pp. 297–324). Burlington, MA: Elsevier Academic Press.

  • Bodenmann, G., Bradbury, T. N., & Pihet, S. (2009). Relative contributions of treatment-related changes in communication skills and dyadic coping skills to the longitudinal course of marriage in the framework of marital distress prevention. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 50(1), 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowlby, J. (1973). Separation: Anxiety and anger. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Branscomb, J. (2011). Summative evaluation of a workshop in collaborative communication. Atlanta, GA: Emory University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. E. (1987). Validation and measurement of the fundamental themes of relational communication. Communication Monographs 54(1), 19–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, L., Butzer, B., & Wong, J. (2008). The importance of the organization of partner knowledge in understanding perceptions of relationship quality and conflict resolution behavior in married couples. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(6), 723–740. doi:10.1177/0146167208315355.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chakkyath, W. (2013). Effectiveness of a integrative positive intervention program in the enrichment of marital relationship among married couples (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.

  • Constitutional Commission (1987). The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Article XV-The Family, Section 1 and 2.

  • Cox, E., & Dannahy, P. (2005). The value of openness in e-relationship: Using non-violent communication to guide on-line coaching in mentoring. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, 31(1), 39–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Desai, M. (1994). Concept and conceptual frameworks for understanding family: Enhancing the role of the family as an agency of social and economic development. Unit for Family Studies Report, Bombay, India, TISS (pp. 16–41).

  • Emery, R. E. (2013). Cultural sociology of divorce: An encyclopedia. Thousand Oaks: Sage Reference. doi:10.4135/9781452274447.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Emmer-Sommer, T. M. (2004). The effect of communication quality and quality indicators on intimacy and relational satisfaction. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(3), 399–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finchem, F. D., & Beach, S. R. H. (2010). Of memes and marriage: Toward a positive relationship science. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 2(1), 4–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gloria, C. K. (2007). Who needs divorce in the Philippines? Mindanao Law Journal, 1(1), 18–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldfarb, M. R., Trudel, G., Boyer, R., & Preville, M. (2007). Marital relationship and psychological distress: Its correlates and treatments. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 22(1), 109–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gottman, J. M., Carrere, S., Swanson, C., & Coan, J. (2000). Reply to “From basic research to intervention”. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62(1), 265–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gultiano, S., Hindin, M., Upadhyay, U., & Armecin, G. (2009). Marital status and psychological well-being of Filipino women. Philippine Population Review, 8(1), 17–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Imhonde, H. O., Aluede, O., & Ifunanyachukwu, N. R. (2008). Effective communication, education qualification and age as determinants of marital satisfaction among newly wedded-couples in a Nigerian University. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 5(5), 433–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. S., & Zuccarini, D. (2010). Integrating sex and attachment in emotionally focused couple therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 36(4), 431–445. doi:10.1111/j-1752-0606.2009.00155.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khajeh, A., Goodarzi, M., & Soleimani, F. (2014). The relationship of psychological well-being with marital quality and the dimensions of the married students. Indian Journal of Science Research, 7(1), 534–538.

    Google Scholar 

  • Litzinger, S., & Gordon, K. C. (2005). Exploring relationships among communication, sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 31(5), 409–424. doi:10.1080/00926230591006719.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Medina, B. T. G. (2001). The Filipino family (2nd ed.). Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medina, B. T. G. (2015). The Filipino family (3rd ed.). Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2005). Attachment security, compassion, and altruism. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(1), 34–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Gillath, O., & Nitzberg, R. A. (2005). Attachment, care giving, and altruism: Boosting attachment security increases compassion and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(5), 817–839. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.817.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, J. E., Madathil, J., & Tingle, L. R. (2005). Marriage satisfaction and wellness in India and the United States: A preliminary comparison of arranged marriages and marriages of choice. Journal of Counseling and Development, 83(2), 183–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Najafi, M., Soleimani, A. A., Ahmadi, K., Javidi, N., & Kamkar, E. H. (2015). The effectiveness of emotionally focused therapy on enhancing marital adjustment and quality of life among infertile couples with marital conflicts. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 9(2), 238–246.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Niebuhr, G. (2001). Support network grows for inmates’ Buddhist practice. The New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com.

  • Pihet, S., Bodenmann, G., Cina, A., Widmer, W., & Shantinath, S. (2007). Can prevention of marital distress improve well-being? A 1 year longitudinal study. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 14(2), 79–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raeisipoor, Z., Fallahchai, R., & Zarei, E. (2012). The study of adult attachment styles, communication patterns, and marital satisfaction. Journal of Life Science & Biomedicine, 3(1), 64–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, G. K., Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2009). Couples’ reasons for cohabitation: Associations with individual well-being and relationship quality. Journal of Family Issues, 30(2), 233–258. doi:10.1177/0192513X08324288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritvo, E. C. (2002). Concise guide to marriage and family therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, B. W., Kuncel, N. R., Shiner, R., Caspi, A., & Goldberg, L. R. (2007). The power of personality: The comparative validity of personality traits, socio-economic status and cognitive ability for predicting important life outcomes. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2(4), 313–345.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rokach, A., & Philibert-Lignieres, G. (2015). Intimacy, loneliness and infidelity. The Open Psychology Journal, 8(2), 71–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, B. M. (2003). Nonviolent Communication: A language of life. Encinitas, CA: PuddleDancer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandhya, S. (2009). The social context of marital happiness in urban Indian couples: Interplay of intimacy and conflict. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 35(1), 74–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soltani, A., Molazadeh, J., Mahmoodi, M., & Hosseini, S. (2013). A study on the effectiveness of emotional focused couple therapy on intimacy of couples. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 82(3), 461–465. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strong, B., DeVault, C., & Cohen, T. F. (2011). The marriage and family experience: Intimate relationships in a changing society (11th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suarez, A., Lee, D. Y., Rowe, C., Gomez, A. A., Murowchick, E., & Linn, P. L. (2014). Freedom project: Nonviolent Communication and mindfulness training in prison. SAGE Open. doi:10.1177/2158244013516154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend and befriend, not fight and flight. Psychological Review, 107(3), 411–429.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Troy, A. B. (2000). Determining the factors of intimate relationship satisfaction: Interpersonal communication, sexual communication and communication affect. Colgate University Journal of Science, 32, 221–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vazhappilly, J. J., & Reyes, M. E. S. (2016). Development of Emotion-Focused Couples’ Communication Program (EFCCP): A pilot study. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(3), 264–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waite, L. J., Luo, Y., & Lewin, A. C. (2009). Marital happiness and marital stability: Consequences for psychological well-being. Social Science and Research, 38(1), 201–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, D. P., & Patterson, G. (2008). Prisoner reentry. Health and Social Work, 33(2), 145–147.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whisman, M. A., Snyder, D. K., & Beach, S. R. H. (2009). Screening for marital and relationship discord. Journal of Family & Psychology, 23(2), 247–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wunderer, E., & Schneewind, K. A. (2008). The relationship between marital standards, dyadic coping and marital satisfaction. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38(3), 462–476. doi:10.1002/ejsp.405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xenos, P., & Kabamalan, M. M. M. (2007). Emerging forms of union formation in the Philippines. Asian Population Studies, 3(3), 263–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joshy Jacob Vazhappilly.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vazhappilly, J.J., Reyes, M.E.S. Non-Violent Communication and Marital Relationship: Efficacy of ‘Emotion-Focused Couples’ Communication Program Among Filipino Couples. Psychol Stud 62, 275–283 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-017-0420-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-017-0420-z

Keywords

Navigation