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Biomedical Applications of Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Manufactured from Leaf Extracts of Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand.

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Abstract

Green synthesis has made us an exciting approach in the field of nanotechnology. Biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized using leaf extracts of Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. in the presence of zinc nitrate hexahydrate as a precursor molecule. ZnONPs were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis and further in understanding the biomedical applications of antimicrobial (minimum inhibitory concentration method) and anticancer (apoptosis assay) activities, cytology (flow cytometry) and cytotoxicity (% cell viability), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)), and caspase assay (polymerase chain reactions (PCR)) studies. The morphology of nanoparticles was determined by SEM analysis. XRD pattern showed the value of highest peak of 36.15° with 101 plane region among the ten recorded peaks. FTIR spectrum indicated stretching vibration of O-H at 3441.77 cm−1. The antibacterial activity of biogenic ZnO nanoparticles was studied against human pathogenic bacteria—Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 29428 and Neisseria gonorrhoeae ATCC 49226—and showed 50% zone of inhibition. A cytotoxic study against the breast cancer cell lines of MDAMB-231 revealed that the ZnONPs as a good anticancer agent could be sliced by all existing and metabolically active cells. Biosynthesized ZnONPs potentially alter the apoptotic protein expression and trigger apoptosis in the MDAMB-231 cells. Therefore, the biogenic ZnO nanoparticles would be useful and have the great potential in the field of biomedical applications.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. S. Yogesha, Director and Dr. Ananda, Technical Staff of the Skanda Life Sciences Private Limited, Sri Shaila Bramara Complex, Srigandhada Kaval, Bengaluru 560091, for the conduct of desired experiments and providing the laboratory facilities for this work.

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  1. Centre for Applied Genetics, Department of Studies in Zoology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Off Mysuru Road, Bengaluru, 560056, India

    S. Rajashekara, Arshika Shrivastava, Sankranthi Sumhitha & Sweta Kumari

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  1. S. Rajashekara
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  2. Arshika Shrivastava
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  3. Sankranthi Sumhitha
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  4. Sweta Kumari
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Contributions

SR designed the experiments; AS, SS, and SK performed the experiments. AS prepared the draft of manuscript, and SR analyzed the draft and edited the paper. All authors read and provided helpful discussions for the manuscript.

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Correspondence to S. Rajashekara.

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We furthermore declare that there is no ethical issue in our experiments.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

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We furthermore declare that there is no ethical issue in our experiments.

Research Involving Humans and Animals Statement

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Rajashekara, S., Shrivastava, A., Sumhitha, S. et al. Biomedical Applications of Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Manufactured from Leaf Extracts of Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand.. BioNanoSci. 10, 654–671 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-020-00746-w

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