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Brucine-loaded transliposomes nanogel for topical delivery in skin cancer: statistical optimization, in vitro and dermatokinetic evaluation

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to develop, optimize brucine-loaded transliposomes (BRC-TL) formulation for dermal delivery of brucine for skin cancer. The BRC-TL formulations were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release. The optimized formulation was further evaluated for skin penetration by confocal laser microscopy and dermatokinetic study. The optimized BRC-TL formulation presented sealed lamellar shaped vesicles, with vesicles size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release of 136.20 ± 2.87 nm, 0.354 ± 0.02, 86.01 ± 1.27%, and 83.09 ± 2.07%, respectively. Ex vivo permeation study showed that, developed BRC-TL formulation had a 2.4-fold increment in permeation as compared to BRC suspension. Texture analysis showed that the BRC-TL gel presented firmness of 158.91 g, consistency of 615.03 g/s, cohesiveness of  − 115.26 g and a viscosity index of  − 472.05 g/s. The confocal images of rat skin clearly showed the deeper penetration of rhodamine B-loaded TL formulation as compared to the Rhodamine B-hydro alcoholic solution. The optimized BRC-TL formulation demonstrated significantly higher cytotoxicity than placebo liposome and BRC suspension (P < 0.05). Further, the BRC-TL nanogel treated rat skin showed a substantial increase in CSkin max and AUC0–8 in comparison to rat skin treated with BRC conventional gel (P < 0.05). The data revealed that the developed TLs formulation could be a promising drug nanocarrier for brucine dermal delivery in the treatment of skin cancer.

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Acknowledgements

This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant no. (RG-11-166-38). The authors, therefore, acknowledge with thanks DSR technical and financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Nabil A. Alhakamy, Hibah M. Aldawsari & Shadab Md

  2. Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Nabil A. Alhakamy, Hibah M. Aldawsari & Shadab Md

  3. Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Nabil A. Alhakamy & Shadab Md

  4. Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India

    Javed Ali & Dipak K. Gupta

  5. Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif-Al-Haweiah, 21974, Saudi Arabia

    Musarrat H. Warsi

  6. Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA

    Anwar L. Bilgrami

  7. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Hani Z. Asfour

  8. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmad O. Noor

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  1. Nabil A. Alhakamy
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  9. Shadab Md
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Correspondence to Shadab Md.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

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Alhakamy, N.A., Aldawsari, H.M., Ali, J. et al. Brucine-loaded transliposomes nanogel for topical delivery in skin cancer: statistical optimization, in vitro and dermatokinetic evaluation. 3 Biotech 11, 288 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-021-02841-5

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