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Metadata-mining of 18S rDNA sequences reveals that “everything is not everywhere” for glomeromycotan fungi

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Abstract

In microbial ecology, the “everything is everywhere” hypothesis has long been controversial. In the present study, we performed data-mining for 18S rDNA sequences of glomeromycotan fungi in order to test this hypothesis. 18S rDNA sequences targeted using AM1–NS31 fragments were retrieved from GenBank, with a total of 1768 sequences collected from 34 sites worldwide. In total, 229, 330 and 518 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were defined based on 97, 98 and 99 % similarity, respectively. The 97 % OTUs showed a limited geographical range of glomeromycotan fungi. Among the OTUs, 58.1 % were endemic, and 17.9 % and 9.2 % were found in two and three sites, respectively. The most widespread OTU was shared by 17 sites. Phylogenetic structure analysis demonstrated that most local communities (26 of 34) were clustered. OTUs with larger host breadth had wider geographic ranges. A significant distance–decay relationship was revealed that was independent of habitat. Cluster analysis showed that fungal composition was not related to habitat, while Fast UniFrac analysis indicated that the distribution of Glomeromycota was affected by temperature. Taken together, these results suggest that glomeromycotan fungi were not randomly distributed under natural conditions; rather, they were affected by host plants, dispersal ability and temperature. Thus, the distribution of glomeromycotan fungi argues against the hypothesis that “everything is everywhere.”

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31400373), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20140689) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2014 M561659), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.KJQN201502). We also thank Dr. Jean W.H. Yong for comments in the manuscript revision.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China

    Haishui Yang, Yajun Dai & Xinmin Bian

  2. College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1, Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China

    Mingmin Xu

  3. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 210095, China

    Qian Zhang

  4. College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People’s Republic of China

    Jianjun Tang & Xin Chen

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  1. Haishui Yang
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Yang, H., Dai, Y., Xu, M. et al. Metadata-mining of 18S rDNA sequences reveals that “everything is not everywhere” for glomeromycotan fungi. Ann Microbiol 66, 361–371 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-015-1116-z

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