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Taxonomy and phylogeny of hyaline-spored coelomycetes

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Abstract

Coelomycete is a general term used for asexual fungi which produce conidia in fruiting bodies: pycnidial, acervular, cupulate, pycnothyria or stromatic conidiomata. The group contains numerous plant pathogenic, saprobic and endophytic species associated with a wide range of hosts. Traditionally, morphological characters and host associations have been used as criteria to identify and classify coelomycetes, and this has resulted in a poor understanding of their generic and species boundaries. DNA based taxonomic studies have provided a better outlook of the phylogenetic and evolutionary trends in coelomycetes. However, the present outcomes represent only a preliminary step towards the understanding of coelomycetes. Many genera have not been revisited since they were first described. The present study revises the classification of the hyaline-spored coelomycetes and provides a modern taxonomic framework based on both morphology and phylogeny. In total, 248 genera were investigated, of which less than 100 are known to have sequence data. Multi-locus sequence data analyses of 28S nrDNA, 18S nrDNA, ITS, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) gene regions were analysed. As a result, three new genera and 23 new species are introduced. In addition, three new links between sexual and asexual genera are provided. There are 138 genera that lack sequence data, and these are treated as Ascomycota, genera incertae sedis. Line drawings and descriptions are provided based on the examination of types and fresh collections and on the literature.

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Fig. 9: Acrocalymma medicaginis
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Acknowledgements

Kevin D. Hyde thanks the 2019 high-end foreign expert introduction plan (granted by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Grant Number G20190139006) and the Thailand Research Fund entitled “Impact of climate Change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the greater Mekong subregion” (RDG6130001). Wen-Jing Li, Qing Tian, Qiu-Ju Shang thank the Mushroom Research Foundation (MRF), Chiang Rai Province, Thailand for providing Postgraduate Scholarships. Wen-Jing Li would like to thank Ya-Ting Li, Li-Han Sheng for help re-drawing part of photos. Wen-Jing Li is also grateful to Assistant Prof. Huang Zhang, Dr. Putarak Chomnunti for images of Aquasubmersa mircensis, Clohesyomyces aquaticus, Neopyrenochaeta annellidica and Scorias spongiosa, and Prof. Alan J.L. Phillips, Xiao-Ya Ma, Yuan-Pin Xiao, Sheng-Nan Zhang, Jing Yang, Ming Zeng, Yong-Zhong Lu for assistance and valuable suggestions. Wen-Jing Li would like to thank the Molecular Biology Experimental Center at Kunming Institute of Botany for facilities of molecular work. We would like to thank the curators of the herbarium CUP, DAOM, FH, HAL, HHUF, IMI, K, and PREM for loaning herbarium specimens and for being very helpful in locating specimens. Without their help this work would not have been possible. The abbreviations of herbarium are those listed in Index Herbariorum (2019). We also wish to acknowledge Saranyaphat Boonmee, curator of MFLU (Mae Fah Luang University) and Liu Ende, Assistant Curator, Herbarium, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KUN), Kunming, for arranging the loan of specimens from various herbaria. We also thank the technical staff of Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Sornram Sukpisit and Wilawan Punyaboon for their invaluable assistance. We also would like to thank Shaun Pennycook for assistance in checking the name of new taxa. We would like to thank Prof. Crous for providing culture from CBS (Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute). Erio Camporesi is grateful to Giancarlo Lombardi, Sergio Montanari and Gigi Stagioni for their help in identifying host plants of fresh collections. Dong-Qin Dai would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. NSFC 31760013), the Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education (2017ZZX186) and the Thousand Talents Plan, Youth Project of Yunnan Provinces for finance support. Samantha C. Kaunarathna thanks CAS President's International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) for funding his postdoctoral research (No. 2018PC0006) and the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) for funding this work under the project code 31851110759.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China

    Wen-Jing Li, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Jian-Chu Xu & Kevin D. Hyde

  2. World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China

    Wen-Jing Li, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Jian-Chu Xu & Kevin D. Hyde

  3. Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

    Wen-Jing Li, Qing Tian, Qiu-Ju Shang, Jin-Feng Zhang & Kevin D. Hyde

  4. Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai, 50150, Thailand

    Wen-Jing Li, Qing Tian, Qiu-Ju Shang, Jin-Feng Zhang & Kevin D. Hyde

  5. Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand

    Eric H. C. McKenzie

  6. School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, People’s Republic of China

    Jian-Kui (Jack) Liu & Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura

  7. No. 128/1-J, Azad Cooperative Housing Society, Curca, P.O. Goa Velha, Goa, 403108, India

    D. Jayarama Bhat

  8. Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, 655011, People’s Republic of China

    Dong-Qin Dai

  9. A.M.B. Gruppo, Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy

    Erio Camporesi

  10. A.M.B Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314, Brescia, Italy

    Erio Camporesi

  11. Società per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna, C.P. 143, Bagnacavallo, RA, Italy

    Erio Camporesi

  12. College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali, 671003, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China

    Zong-Long Luo

  13. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Rd., Ladkrabang District, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand

    Narumon Tangthirasunun

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  1. Wen-Jing Li
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Li, WJ., McKenzie, E.H.C., Liu, JK.(. et al. Taxonomy and phylogeny of hyaline-spored coelomycetes. Fungal Diversity 100, 279–801 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00440-y

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