Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) provide versatile means to reduce the toxicity, enhance bioactivity and improve targeting of cells. The antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects, or bioavailability and toxicity, of selenium depend on its chemical form. In the present study the effects of nano-selenium (Nano-Se) was compared with inorganic and organic selenium on the basis of their antioxidative activities and hematological parameters in Swiss albino mice. At an oral dose of 2 mg Se/kg b.w. per day administered for consecutive 28 days, both forms of selenium suppressed mice growth rather than Nano-Se. Abnormal liver and kidney function were more pronounced with selenite treatment than Nano-Se as indicated by the increase of hepatotoxic and renal toxic marker in serum and also confirmed by histological examination. After being treated with different forms of selenium it can be seen that the activity of enzymes have increased considerably in case of Nano-Se. Synthesized selenium nanoparticles, caused less bone marrow cell death and prevented DNA damage, compared to other forms of selenium. Our results suggest that Nano-Se as an antioxidant can serve as a potential chemopreventive agent with reduced risk of selenium toxicity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmadinejad F, Geir Møller S, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M, Bidkhori G, Jami MS. Molecular mechanisms behind free radical scavengers function against oxidative stress. Antioxidants (Basel). 2017;6(3):51.
ATSDR. Toxicological profiles for selenium. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; 2003. p. 1–457.
Balogh K, Elbaraasi H, Mezes M. Selenium toxicity in fishes. Halaszat. 2002;95:30–3 (in Hungarian).
Basu A, Bhattacharjee A, Samanta A, Bhattacharya S. Prevention of cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity: effect of an l-cysteine based oxovanadium(IV) complex on oxidative stress and DNA damage. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015;40:747–57.
Basu A, Singha Roy S, Bhattacharjee A, Bhuniya A, Baral R, Biswas J, Bhattacharya S. Vanadium(III)-l-cysteine protects cisplatin-induced nephropathy through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Free Radic Res. 2016;50(1):39–55.
Bhattacharjee A, Basu A, Biswas J, Bhattacharya S. Nano-Se attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced pulmonary injury through modulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage in Swiss albino mice. Mol Cell Biochem. 2015;405:243–56.
Bhattacharjee A, Basu A, Ghosh P, Biswas J, Bhattacharya S. Protective effect of selenium nanoparticle against cyclophosphamide induced hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. J Biomater Appl. 2014;29:303–17.
Birge WJ. Aquatic toxicology of trace elements of coal and fly ash. In: Thorp JH, Gibbons JW, editors. Energy and environmental stress in aquatic systems, vol. 48. Washington: Department of Energy Symposium Series; 1978. p. 219–40.
Biswas SJ, Pathak S, Khuda Bukhsh AR. Assessment of the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of an antiepileptic drug phenobarbital, in mice: a time course study. Mutat Res. 2004;563:1–11.
Carl Allinson MJ. A specific enzymatic method for the determination of creatine and creatinine in blood. J Biol Chem. 1945;157:169–72.
Chaudiere J, Courtin O, Leclaire J. Glutathione oxidase activity of selenocystamine: a mechanistic study. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992;296:328–36.
D’Armour FE, Blood FR, Belden DA. The manual for laboratory work in mammalian physiology. 3rd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; 1965.
Fernandes AP, Gandin V. Selenium compounds as therapeutic agents in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1850:1642–60.
Ganther HE. Metabolism of hydrogen selenide and methylated selenides. Adv Nutr Res. 1979;2:107–28.
Goehring TB. Toxic effects of selenium on growing swine fed corn–soybean meal diets. J Anim Sci. 1984;59:733–7.
Green DE, Albers PH. Diagnostic criteria for selenium toxicosis in aquatic birds: histologic lesions. J Wildl Dis. 1997;33:385–404.
Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jacoby WB. Glutathione S-transferases, the first enzymatic step in marcapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem. 1974;249:7130–9.
Halliwell RE. Autoimmune diseases in domestic animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1982;18:1088–96.
Hilton JW, Hodson PV, Slinger SJ. Absorption, distribution, half-life and possible routes of elimination of dietary selenium in juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Comp Biochem Physiol. 1982;71C:49–55.
Hosnedlova B, Kepinska M, Skalickova S, Fernandez C, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Peng Q. Nano-selenium and its nanomedicine applications: a critical review. Int J Nanomed. 2018;13:2107–28.
Hurst R, Collings R, Harvey LJ, King M, Hooper L, Bouwman J, Gurinovic M, Fairweather-Tait SJ. EURRECA—estimating selenium requirements for deriving dietary reference values. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013;53:1077–96.
Ibrahim SAZ, Kerkadi A, Agouni A. Selenium and health: an update on the situation in the Middle East and North Africa. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1457.
Kind PR, King EJ. Estimation of plasma phosphatase by determination of hydrolysed phenol with amino-antipyrine. J Clin Pathol. 1954;7:322–6.
Kumar S, Tomar MS, Acharya A. Carboxylic group-induced synthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles and its anti-tumor potential on Dalton’s lymphoma cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2015;126:546–52.
Kuria A, Fang X, Li M, Han H, He J, Aaseth JO, Cao Y. Does dietary intake of selenium protect against cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018;20:1–11.
Leme DM, Marin-Morales MA. Chromosome aberration and micronucleus frequencies in Allium cepa cells exposed to petroleum polluted water—a case study. Mutat Res. 2008;650:80.
Lowry OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951;193:265–76.
Lubos E, Loscalzo J, Handy DE. Glutathione peroxidase-1 in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011;15:1957–97.
Luck HA. Spectrophotometric method for estimation of catalase. In: Bergmeyer HV, editor. Methods of enzymatic analysis. New York: Academic Press; 1963. p. 886–8.
Marklund S, Marklund G. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in autooxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem. 1974;47:469–74.
Mather A, Roland D. The automated thiosemicarbazide-diacetyl monoxime method for plasma urea. Clin Chem. 1969;15:393–6.
McCord JM, Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase: an enzymatic function for erythrocuprein (hemoprotein). J Biol Chem. 1969;244:6049–55.
McDowell LR. Minerals for grazing ruminants in tropical regions. Gainesville: Bull Univ Florida; 1997. p. 1–69.
Moeasgaard S, Morrill R. The need for speciation to realise the potential of selenium in disease prevention. In: Ebdon L, editor. Trace element speciation for environment, food and health. London: Royal Society of Chemistry; 2002. p. 261–83.
Mousa SA, Bharali DJ. Nanotechnology-based detection and targeted therapy in cancer: nano-bio paradigms and applications. Cancers (Basel). 2011;3:2888–903.
Mullur R, Liu YY, Brent GA. Thyroid hormone regulation of metabolism. Physiol Rev. 2014;94:355–82.
Mustacich D, Powis G. Thioredoxin reductase. Biochem J. 2000;346:1–8.
Øarskov H, Flyvbjerg A. Selenium and human health. Lancet. 2000;356:942–3.
Okhawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Ann Biochem. 1979;95:351–8.
Paglia DE, Valentine WN. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med. 1967;70:158–69.
Poole LG, Dolin CE, Arteel GE. Organ–organ crosstalk and alcoholic liver disease. Biomolecules. 2017;7:3.
Rayman MP. Selenium and human health. Lancet. 2012;379:1256–68.
Reitman S, Frankel S. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol. 1957;28:56–63.
Ren X, Zou L, Zhang X, Branco V. Redox signaling mediated by thioredoxin and glutathione systems in the central nervous system. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2017;27:989–1010.
Rodríguez-Hernández Á, Zumbado M, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Boada LD, Luzardo OP. Dietary intake of essential, toxic, and potentially toxic elements from mussels (Mytilus spp.) in the Spanish population: a nutritional assessment. Nutrients. 2019;17(4):864.
Sahil H. Klinische Untersuchungsmethoden. 5th ed. Wien: Leipsic and Vienna; 1909. p. 845.
Sedlack J, Lindsay RN. Estimation of total protein bound and non-protein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman’s reagent. Ann Biochem. 1968;25:192–205.
Seko Y, Saito Y, Kitahara J, Imura N. Active oxygen generation by the reaction of selenite with reduced glutathione in vitro. In: Wendel A, editor. Selenium in biology and medicine. Berlin: Springer; 1989. p. 70–3.
Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res. 1988;175:184–91.
Snider GW, Ruggles E, Khan N, Hondal RJ. Selenocysteine confers resistance to inactivation by oxidation in thioredoxin reductase: comparison of selenium and sulfur enzymes. Biochemistry. 2013;52:5472–81.
Stoffaneller R, Morse NL. A review of dietary selenium intake and selenium status in Europe and the Middle East. Nutrients. 2015;7:1494–537.
Thorlacius-Ussing O. Selenium-induced growth retardation. Histochemical and endocrinological studies on the anterior pituitaries of selenium treated rats. Dan Med Bull. 1990;37(4):347–58.
Ungvári É, Monori I, Megyeri A, Csiki Z, Prokisch J, Sztrik A, Jávor A, Benkő I. Protective effects of meat from lambs on selenium nanoparticle supplemented diet in a mouse model of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced immunotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014;64:298–306.
Us EPA. Ambient water quality criteria for selenium—EPA-440/5-87-006. Washington: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Regulation and Standards; 1987. p. 1–23.
Valdiglesias V, Pásaro E, Méndez J, Laffon B. In vitro evaluation of selenium genotoxic, cytotoxic, and protective effects: a review. Arch Toxicol. 2010;84:337–51.
Wang X, Zhang J, Xu T. Cyclophosphamide as a potent inhibitor of tumor thioredoxin reductase in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007;218:88–95.
Wintrobe MM, Lee DR, Boggs DR, Bithel TC, Athens JW, Foerester J. Clinical hematology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Les and Febiger; 1961.
Xie ZZ, Liu Y, Bian JS. Hydrogen sulfide and cellular redox homeostasis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:6043038.
Yang G, Wang S, Zhou R, Sun S. Endemic selenium intoxication of humans in China. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982;37:872–5.
Zhang J, Wang H, Bao Y, Zhang L. Nano red elemental selenium has no size effect in the induction of seleno-enzymes in both cultured cells and mice. Life Sci. 2004;75:237–44.
Acknowledgements
Arin Bhattacharjee gratefully acknowledges Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) for Senior Research Fellowship (No. 45/36/2008/PHA-BMS). Abhishek Basu also gratefully acknowledges ICMR for Senior Research Fellowship (No. 3/2/2/58/2011/NCD-III). The authors wish to thank the Director, CNCI, for supporting this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Sudin Bhattacharya: Retired.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bhattacharjee, A., Basu, A. & Bhattacharya, S. Selenium nanoparticles are less toxic than inorganic and organic selenium to mice in vivo. Nucleus 62, 259–268 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13237-019-00303-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13237-019-00303-1