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Genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation in Ethiopian sheep populations

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Abstract

Background

Ethiopian sheep populations such as Arsi-Bale, Horro and Adilo (long fat-tailed, LFT) inhabit mid to high-altitude areas; and Menz sheep (MZ, short fat-tailed) are adapted to cool sub-alpine environments. In contrast, Blackhead Somali sheep (BHS, fat-rumped) thrive well in arid and semi-arid areas characterized by high temperature and low precipitation. The genomic investigation of Ethiopian sheep populations may help to identify genes and biological pathways enable to adapt to the different ecological conditions.

Objective

To uncover genomic regions and genes showing evidence of positive selection for altitude adaptation in Ethiopian sheep populations.

Methods

A total of 72 animals inhabiting high-versus low-altitude environments were genotyped on an Ovine Infinium HD array (~ 600 K). Pairwise genetic differentiation (Fst) was calculated in sliding windows of 20 SNPs and the upper 1% smoothed Fst values were considered to represent positive selection signatures. Genes within < 25 kb of the most differentiated SNPs were considered as selection candidates.

Results

Signatures of selection were detected in genes known to be associated high with altitude adaptation in MZ–BHS pair comparison (PPP1R12A, RELN, PARP2, and DNAH9) and in LFT–BHS pair comparison (VAV3, MSRB3,EIF2AK4, MET, and TACR1). The candidate genes (MITF, FGF5, MTOR, TRHDE, and TUBB3) associated with altitude adaptation and shared between the MZ–BHS and LTF–BHS pair comparisons were also detected as under selection. Further functional analyses reveal that the candidate genes were involved in biological processes and pathways relevant to adaptation under extreme altitudes, including respiratory system development and smoothened signaling pathway.

Conclusion

The results of the present study could aid in-depth understanding and exploitation of the underlying genetic mechanisms for sheep and other livestock species adaptation to high-altitude environments.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a Grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (no. NRF-2017R1A2B1008883). We would like to thank the International Livestock Research Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, for providing logistical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea

    Zewdu Edea & Kwan-Suk Kim

  2. Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P. O. Box 2490, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Hailu Dadi

  3. International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Tadelle Dessie

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  1. Zewdu Edea
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13258_2019_820_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx

Signatures of selection within the candidate regions identified in the comparison of Menz versus Blackhead Somali sheep (XLSX 20 kb)

13258_2019_820_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx

Signatures of selection within the candidate regions identified in the comparison of long fat-tailed sheep versus Blackhead Somali sheep (XLSX 22 kb)

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Edea, Z., Dadi, H., Dessie, T. et al. Genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation in Ethiopian sheep populations. Genes Genom 41, 973–981 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-019-00820-y

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