Abstract
A reliable estimation of residual stress within steel sections is important in steel structural design and construction, especially for high strength steel which has been increasingly used in recent years. An experimental investigation was conducted in this paper to quantify the residual stresses in 460 MPa steel welded I sections using sectioning method. The magnitude and distribution of both compressive and tensile residual stresses were obtained based on 1972 sets of original data measured from eight different sections. The effects of width-thickness ratios of the flange and web, steel plate thickness, weld type and interaction of the flange and web were investigated. It was found that the compressive residual stress magnitude was largely related to the sectional dimension, while no direct correlation was found with the weld type and size for tensile ones. No residual stress interaction between the flange and web was identified because of the stress equilibrium within each individual part. In addition, a distribution model was proposed in this paper and well described the experimental results, which can be used to investigate and design the buckling behavior of 460 MPa high strength steel members.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alpsten, G. A. and Tall, L. (1970). “Residual stresses in heavy welded shapes.” Welding Journal, 49(3), pp. 93-s–105-s.
ANSI/AISC 360-10 (2010). Specification for Structural Steel Buildings. AISC, Chicago.
Ban, H. Y., Shi, G., Shi, Y. J., and Wang, Y. Q. (2012). “Residual stress tests of high-strength steel equal angles.” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 138(12), pp. 1446–1454.
Ban, H. Y., Shi, G., Shi, Y. J., and Wang, Y. Q. (2013). “Residual stress of 460 MPa high strength steel welded box section: Experimental investigation and modeling.” Thin-Walled Structures, 64, pp. 73–82.
Beg, D. and Hladnik, L. (1996). “Slenderness limit of class 3 I cross-sections made of high strength steel.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 38(6), pp. 201–207.
BS EN 1993-1-1 (2005). Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. BSI, London.
CDSSC (2003). Application construal of code for design of steel structures in China. China Planning Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
Chen, J. (1982). “The stability coefficient of axially loaded compression members for summarizing the effect of residual stress, eccentricity and initial out-of-straightness.” Selections from Research Papers and Reports on Steel Structures, Vol. 1, China Technical Committee for Standards of Steel Structures, Beijing, pp. 1–14 (in Chinese).
Chen, Z. M., Zhang, Y. L., Peng, M. X., and Zhang, K. (2009). “Application of high-strength steel and thick steel plates to CCTV New Site Building.” Steel Construction, 24(2), pp. 34–38 (in Chinese).
Chernenko, D. E. and Kennedy, D. J. L. (1991). “An analysis of the performance of welded wide flange columns.” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 18(14), pp. 537–554.
Dwight, J. B. and White, J. D. (1977). “Prediction of weld shrinkage stresses in plate structures.” Proc. Conference on Stability of Steel Structures, Lige, Belgium, pp. 31–37.
ECCS (1976). Manual on stability of steel structures Part 2.2 Mechanical Properties and Residual Stresses, Second Edition. ECCS Publ., Bruxelles.
Fan, Z., Liu, X. M., Fan, X. W., Hu, C. Y., Hu, T. B., Wu, X. M., and Yu, Y. Q. (2007). “Design and research of large-span steel structure for the National Stadium.” Journal of Building Structures, 28(2), pp. 1–16 (in Chinese).
Fukumoto, Y. and Itoh, Y. (1981). “Statistical study of experiments on welded beams.” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, 107(1), pp. 89–103.
Galambos, T. V. (1998). Guide to stability design criteria for metal structures, 5 th edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
Gardner, L. and Cruise, R. B. (2009). “Modeling of residual stresses in structural stainless steel sections.” Journal of Structural Engineering, 135(1), pp. 42–53.
GB 50017-2003 (2006). Code for design of steel structures. China Architecture & Building Press, Beijing.
Goto, Y. and Kawanishi, N. (2006). “Change of weld residual stresses due to loss of material.” Journal of Structural Engineering, 132(12), pp. 1940–1947.
Griffis, G. L., Axmann, G., Patel, B. V., Waggoner, C. M., and Vinson, J. (2003). “High-strength steel in the longspan retractable roof of Reliant Stadium.” Proc. 2003 NASCC Baltimore, MD, pp. 1–9.
Huber, A. W. and Beedle, L. S. (1954). “Residual stress and the compressive strength of steel.” Welding Journal, 33(12), pp. 589-s–614-s.
IABSE (2005). Use and application of high-performance steels for steel structures. IABSE, Zurich.
Kitipornchai, S. and Lee, H. W. (1986a). “Inelastic buckling of single-angle, tee and double-angle structs.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 6(1), pp. 3–20.
Kitipornchai, S. and Lee, H. W. (1986a). “Inelastic experiments on angle and tee structs.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 6(3), pp. 219–236.
Li, K. X., Xiao, Y. H., Nao, X. F, Cui, J., and Zhu, W. (1985). “Column curves for steel compression member.” Journal of Chongqing Institute of Architecture and Engineering, (1), pp. 24–33 (in Chinese).
Nagaraja Rao, N. R. and Tall, L. (1961). “Residual stresses in welded plates.” Welding Journal, 40(10), pp. 468-s–480-s.
Nishino, F., Ueda, Y., and Tall, L. (1967). “Experimental investigation of the buckling of plates with residual stresses.” Test methods for compression members, ASTM special technical publication, Philadelphia, PA, 419, pp. 12–30.
Pocock, G. (2006). “High strength steel use in Australia, Japan and the US.” The Structural Engineer, 84(21), pp. 27–30.
Rasmussen, K. J. R. and Hancock, G. J. (1988). “Deformations and residual stresses induced in channel section columns by presetting and welding.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 11(3), pp. 175–204.
Rasmussen, K. J. R. and Hancock, G. J. (1992). “Plate slenderness limits for high strength steel sections.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 23(1), pp. 73–96.
Rasmussen, K. J. R. and Hancock, G. J. (1995). “Tests of high strength steel columns.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 34(1), pp. 27–52.
Tall, L. (1964). “Recent developments in the study of column behavior.” Journal of Institution of Engineers, 36(12), pp. 319–333.
Tang, L. R. B. and Mahendran, M. (2004). “Behaviour of high strength steel compression members.” Proc. Nordic Steel Construction Conference Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 53–64.
Tebedge, N., Alpsten, G., and Tall, L. (1973). “Residualstress measurement by the sectioning method.” Experimental Mechanics, 13(2), pp. 88–96.
Usami, T. and Fukumoto, Y. (1982). “Local and overall buckling of welded box columns.” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, 108(ST3), pp. 525–542.
Usami, T. and Fukumoto, Y. (1984). “Welded box compression members.” Journal of Structural Engineering, 110(10), pp. 2457–2470.
Wang, G. Z. and Zhao, W. W. (1986). “Residual stress measurement for welded and hot-rolled I section steels.” Industrial Construction, 7, pp. 32–37 (in Chinese).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Note.-Discussion open until May 1, 2014. This manuscript for this paper was submitted for review and possible publication on December 3, 2012; approved on October 29, 2013.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ban, H., Shi, G., Bai, Y. et al. Residual stress of 460 MPa high strength steel welded i section: Experimental investigation and modeling. Int J Steel Struct 13, 691–705 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-013-4010-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-013-4010-1