Abstract
The curling(out-of-plane deformation in the plate thickness direction) influence on the ultimate strength of cold-formed stainless steel bolted connection has been investigated and modified equations for predicting the ultimate strength considering strength reduction caused by curling through finite element analysis have been suggested by previous researchers. In this paper, single shear four-bolted connections fabricated with thin-walled carbon steel commonly utilized in the light-weight structural members of building were tested under static shear in order to investigate block shear fracture behavior and curling influence on the ultimate strength and fracture mode. Main variables of specimens are plate thickness and end distance parallel to the direction of loading. Curling in the perpendicular direction of applied force also occurred for bolted connections with a relatively long end distance and thin plate. The curling occurrence caused a sudden strength drop and reduced the ultimate strength of bolted connections. Current design specifications such as AISC, AIJ and AISI for block shear strength were summarized and it is known that design equations did not provide the accurate prediction of ultimate strength and fracture mode for thin-walled carbon steel bolted connections. Strength reduction by curling and the condition of curling occurrence were investigated through an additional parametric finite element analysis. As a result, revised strength equations for block shear fracture and bearing fracture were suggested considering fracture path and curling effect and their validity was also verified.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ABAQUS, Ver.6.4 (2003). Analysis User’s Manual, ABAQUS Inc. Pawtucket, 18-4, USA.
American Institute of Steel Construction (2001b). Manual of Steel Construction-Load and Resistance Factor Design, AISC, Chicago, IL., USA.
American Institute of Steel Construction (2011d). Steel Construction Manual, AISC, Chicago, IL, USA.
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) (2016). North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members., AISI S100-16, Washington D.C., USA.
Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) (2002b). Recommendation for Limit State Design of Steel Structures, Tokyo, Japan (in Japanese).
Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) (2002a). Recommendation for the Design and Fabrication of Light Weight Steel Structures. AIJ, Tokyo, Japan.
Chung, K.F. and Ip, K.H. (2001a). “Finite element modeling of bolted connections between cold-formed steel strips and hot rolled steel plates under static shear.” Engineering Structures, 22(10), pp. 1271–1284.
Clements, DDA. and Teh. L.H. (2013a), “Active Shear Planes of Bolted Connections Failing in Block Shear.” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 139(3), pp. 320–327.
European Committee for Standardisation (2006). Design of steel structures: supplementary rules for stainless steels, Eurocode 3 Part 1.4., London, UK.
Rogers, C.A. and Hancock, G.J. (1998). “Bolted connection tests of thin G550 and G300 sheet steels.” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 124(7), pp. 798–808.
Rogers, C.A. and Hancock, G.J. (2001b). “Failure Modes of Bolted-Sheet-Steel Connections Loaded in Shear.”, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 126(3), pp. 288–295.
Kim, T.S. and Kuwamura, H. (2007). “Finite element modeling of bolted connections in thin-walled stainless steel plates under static shear.” Thin-Walled Structures, 45, pp. 407–421.
Kim, T.S. and Kuwamura, H. (2011b). “Numerical investigation on strength design and curling effect of mechanically fastened joints in cold-formed austenitic stainless steel.” Materials and Design, 32, pp. 3942–3956.
Kim, T.S. and Lim, J.S. (2013b). “Ultimate Strength of Single Shear Two-bolted Connections with Austenitic Stainless Steel.” International Journal of Steel Structures, 13(1), pp. 1–12.
Kim, T.S., Jeong, H.Y. and Cho, T.J. (2011c). “The finite element analysis of the ultimate behavior of thin-walled carbon steel bolted connections”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 67, pp. 1086–1095.
Kim, T.S., Kuwamura, H. and Cho, T.J. (2008). “A parametric study on ultimate strength of single shear bolted connections with curling.” Thin-Walled Structures, 46, pp. 38–53.
Kim, T.S., Kuwamura, H., Kim, S.H. and Cho, T.J. (2009). “Investigation on ultimate strength of thin-walled steel single shear bolted connections with two bolts using finite element analysis.” Thin-Walled Structures, 47, pp. 1191–1202.
Kim, T.S., Yoo, J.H. and Roeder, C.W. (2015). “Experimental investigation on strength and curling influence of bolted connections in thin-walled carbon steel.” Thin-Walled Structures, 91, pp. 1–12.
Teh, L.H. and Clements, DDA. (2011a). “Block Shear Capacity of Bolted Connections in Cold-Reduced Steel Sheets”, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 138(4), pp. 459–467.
Winter, G. (1956), “Tests on bolted connections in light gage.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 82(2), pp. 92001–92025.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, T., Kim, M. & Cho, T. Parametric Study on Ultimate Strength of Four-bolted Connections with Cold-formed Carbon Steel. Int J Steel Struct 18, 265–280 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-018-0320-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-018-0320-7