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Recent developments of regenerative magnetorheological (RMR) damper: A review

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Abstract

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers are becoming popular smart devices with controllable higher damping properties. This paper presents an inclusive review of energy harvesting MR dampers. The classifications of energy harvesting MR dampers, operating principles, structural design, mathematical models, fluid models, experimental investigation, and applications are classified and reviewed. The regenerative MR dampers have self-power capability, and self-sensing capability to control higher performance and it is an important feature of regenerative MR dampers. The review indicates that regenerative MR dampers have enough power generation capacity to power MR dampers and higher damping performances. It has been found that a single-ended monotube regenerative MR (RMR) damper has maximum power generation capabilities than other RMR dampers.

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Abbreviations

A p :

Piston area

A h :

The Cross-sectional area of Piston head

A r :

The cross-sectional area of the rod

A m :

Magnet cross section area

\(\vec B\) :

Magnetic field

B m :

Permanent magnet density

B rem :

Remanent flux density

c 1 :

Viscous damping coefficient

c v :

Viscous damping coefficient

c post :

Post-yield region damping coefficient

c pre :

Pre-yield region damping Coefficient

d c :

Gap of the coil winding

d :

Gap of the active pole

d s :

Gap of the stator

D :

Diameter of piston head

F(t):

Total damping force

F s :

Direct shear damping force

F v :

Valve damping force

F sv :

Output damping force

f c :

Magnitude of hysteresis

f es :

Forces in the elasto slide element

f 0 :

The offset of damper force

f d :

Forces in the viscous dashpot

f s :

Forces in the stiffness

f y :

Yield force (model parameter)

H c :

Coercive magnetic field intensity

h :

Thickness of fluid gap

I :

Applied current

K :

Consistency index

l :

Length of effective magnetic field

L,L c,L s :

Length of active pole, Coil winding and stator

m :

Power law index

N m :

Coil turn number

N d :

Coil turn per pole

n:

Coil number group

P g :

Gas pressure in the pneumatic reservoir

ΔP a :

Pressure drop

P rms :

Harvested power

r m :

Permanent magnet radius

r 1 :

Radius of the first transmission gear

r, r c,r s :

Radii of active pole, coil winding and stator

R mrf :

Reluctance of MR fluid

R MRC :

Resistance of MR damper coil

R i :

Internal resistance of the generator

v p :

Piston velocity

x :

Displacement

x s :

Velocity of piston rod

x e :

Hydraulic cylinder displacement

x a :

Velocity of permanent magnet

α,β,γ,δ,n :

Model parameters

α 1 :

Gear ratio

μ 0 :

Air gap cross section area

γ :

Strain rate

κ :

Stiffness coefficient

η :

Fluid viscosity

z:

Hysteretic variable

Z coil :

Impedance of coil

\(\left| {\dot Z} \right|\) :

Velocity

τ y :

Yield stress

ε :

Electromotive force

τ :

Pole pitch

φ B :

Magnetic flux

φ g :

Air gap magnetic flux

μ 1 :

Relative permeability of MR fluid

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to convey their gratitude to the Abdal Engineering Limited, Bangladesh, for providing their facilities and research support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology (RUET), 6204, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

    Sakib Muhammad Mohtasim, Rubel Ahammed & Md. Mahfujur Rahman

  2. Department of Mechatronics Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Selangor, Malaysia

    Md Mahbubur Rashid & Rupal Roy

  3. School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Mohammad Abdul Aziz

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Mohtasim, S.M., Ahammed, R., Rahman, M.M. et al. Recent developments of regenerative magnetorheological (RMR) damper: A review. Korea-Aust. Rheol. J. 33, 201–224 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13367-021-0017-x

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