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Thermal studies of biomass obtained from the seeds of Syzygium cumini and Cassia fistula L. and peel of Cassia fistula L. fruit

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Abstract

The potential of thermo-chemical performance of three biomass materials namely Syzygium cumini seeds (JP), Cassia fistula L. seed (AT), and Cassia fistula L. fruit peels (AP) has been investigated in detail in the present study. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted for pyrolysis kinetic parameters at various temperatures (heating rates). Five temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C/min) and two model-free techniques (especially Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS)) were applied to evaluate the response. It was found that the respective average activation energies were 222.66, 200.82, and 224.57 kJ/mol for JP, AT, and AP, respectively, in the case of the FWO model, while the average activation energies 223.49, 201.19, and 227.43 kJ/mol were obtained by using the KAS model. The activation energy, enthalpy, and pre-exponential factor for the studied biomass materials are shown in the order of AP > JP > AT in both these models. Moreover, the highest values of pre-exponential factor were found for JP in FWO (1.27 × 1039) and KAS (1.81 × 1040) models. The active pyrolysis zone was also noticed in the temperature range of 175–600 °C, which represents the maximum weight loss range as well in the present study.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, JH, and the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, for providing raw materials, facilities, and characterization facilities, respectively. Authors express their heartiest thanks to both institutions for valuable support. The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University.

Funding

The authors are recipients of grant and financial support from the AICTE/NPIU (TEQIP-III), all co-PIs of the project, and UGC Start-up Grant (BSR, No. F 30-461/2019), New Delhi, GOI. The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this research group NO (RGP-271).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India

    Dan Bahadur Pal & Amit Kumar Tiwari

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India

    Neha Srivastava

  3. Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Abeer Hashem

  4. Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah

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  1. Dan Bahadur Pal
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Pal, D.B., Tiwari, A.K., Srivastava, N. et al. Thermal studies of biomass obtained from the seeds of Syzygium cumini and Cassia fistula L. and peel of Cassia fistula L. fruit. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 7601–7612 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01492-z

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