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Gasoline pre-treated feedstock for the production of biodiesel with improved physicochemical properties

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Abstract

This study demonstrates that the gasoline can be used as a co-solvent towards the modification of feedstock such as waste cooking oil for the synthesis of biodiesel via transesterification reaction, where the gasoline is removed from the reaction solution after the treatment. Parametric studies including varying the amount of co-solvent with respect to the feedstock, methanol/oil molar ratio, catalyst amount, reaction temperature, time, and stirring speed have been conducted to optimize the experiment. Our results show that biodiesel with a yield of ~ 99.4% is achieved at optimized conditions viz. 10% v/v co-solvent with respect to the feedstock, 0.6 wt% catalyst concentration, 6:1 molar-ratio, 50 °C temperature, 40 min reaction time, and 350 rpm stirring speed, while it is ~ 82.3% without the addition of co-solvent in the reaction solution under the same conditions. The thermodynamic parameters such as frequency factor, activation-energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the system have been estimated to be 1.3 × 104 min−1, 34.04 kJ mol−1, 31.48 kJ mol−1, and − 0.17 kJ mol−1 k−1, respectively. Further, various properties of the biodiesel produced with and without the feedstock modification have also been quantitatively measured and the developed approach favoured the feedstock modification towards improving the biodiesel yield and its physicochemical properties.

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Funding

The authors sincerely acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology, (DST/SEED/SUTRA/2020/71(G)) and DST-Nanomission (SR/NM/NT-1073/2016(G)), Govt. of India for funding support.

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  1. Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, 562112, Karnataka, India

    C. Ningaraju, K. V. Yatish, R. Mithun Prakash, M. Sakar & R. Geetha Balakrishna

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  3. R. Mithun Prakash
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Contributions

Conceptualization: C. Ningaraju, K. V. Yatish, M. Sakar; methodology: C. Ningaraju, K. V. Yatish; formal analysis and investigation: C. Ningaraju, K. V. Yatish, R. Mithun Prakash; writing–original draft preparation: C. Ningaraju, K. V. Yatish; writing–review and editing: M. Sakar, R. Geetha Balakrishna; funding acquisition: M. Sakar, R. Geetha Balakrishna; resources: R. Geetha Balakrishna; supervision: M. Sakar, R. Geetha Balakrishna.

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Ningaraju, C., Yatish, K.V., Prakash, R.M. et al. Gasoline pre-treated feedstock for the production of biodiesel with improved physicochemical properties. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 8351–8360 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01992-y

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