Abstract
Using kinetic theory for homogeneous collisionless magnetized plasmas, we present an extended review of the plasma waves and instabilities and discuss the anisotropic response of generalized relativistic dielectric tensor and Onsager symmetry properties for arbitrary distribution functions. In general, we observe that for such plasmas only those modes whose magnetic-field perturbations are perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field, i.e., B 1 \(\bot \) B 0, are effected by the anisotropy. However, in oblique propagation all modes do show such anisotropic effects. Considering the non-relativistic bi-Maxwellian distribution and studying the relevant components of the general dielectric tensor under appropriate conditions, we derive the dispersion relations for various modes and instabilities. We show that only the electromagnetic R- and L- waves, those derived from them (i.e., the whistler mode, pure Alfvén mode, firehose instability, and whistler instability), and the O-mode are affected by thermal anisotropies, since they satisfy the required condition \(\mathbf{B}_{1}\bot \mathbf{B}_{0}\). By contrast, the perpendicularly propagating X-mode and the modes derived from it (the pure transverse X-mode and Bernstein mode) show no such effect. In general, we note that the thermal anisotropy modifies the parallel propagating modes via the parallel acoustic effect, while it modifies the perpendicular propagating modes via the Larmor-radius effect. In oblique propagation for kinetic Alfvén waves, the thermal anisotropy affects the kinetic regime more than it affects the inertial regime. The generalized fast mode exhibits two distinct acoustic effects, one in the direction parallel to the ambient magnetic field and the other in the direction perpendicular to it. In the fast-mode instability, the magneto-sonic wave causes suppression of the firehose instability. We discuss all these propagation characteristics and present graphic illustrations. The threshold conditions for different instabilities are also obtained.
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Acknowledgements
We are thankful to the anonymous Referee for making several useful suggestions to improve the quality of this review paper and to the Office of the External Activities of the ICTP, Trieste, Italy, for providing partial financial support to Salam Chair, at GC University Lahore.
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Bashir, M.F., Murtaza, G. Effect of Temperature Anisotropy on Various Modes and Instabilities for a Magnetized Non-relativistic Bi-Maxwellian Plasma. Braz J Phys 42, 487–504 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-012-0087-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-012-0087-9
Keywords
- Plasma waves and instabilities
- Temperature anisotropy
- Relativistic plasma
- Nonrelativistic plasma
- Homogeneous and magnetized plasmas
- R- and L- waves
- Whistler wave and instability
- Aflvén wave
- Firehose instability
- X-mode
- O-mode
- Bernstein wave
- Kinetic Alfvén Waves
- Inertial Alfvén wave
- Fast mode and fast mode instability