Abstract
Salt elicitation in therapeutic plants is one of the most popular techniques to enrich targeted secondary metabolites at cellular levels. Therefore, the appropriate concentration of NaCl salt that may regulate secondary metabolites without growth retardation needs to be established for maximum productivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimum NaCl elicitation for improving centellosides’ yield and associated physio-morphological adaptations in Indian pennywort (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban). Sodium ions in the salt-treated leaf tissues were significantly increased, while potassium ions were declined, leading to an increase in Na:K ratio. Centellosides yield of Indian pennywort was maximized at 656.11 mg plant−1 (1.52 folds over control) when treated with 12.5 mM NaCl for 14 days. Similarly, madecassoside, asiaticoside and total centellosides were enriched under 12.5 and 25.0 mM NaCl, whereas those compounds were significantly declined upon 50 mM NaCl treatment. Under 50 mM NaCl, reduction in both non-stomatal functions [leaf greenness (SPAD), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII)] and stomatal functions [net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E)] were found, leading to increased leaf temperature (TLeaf) and crop stress index (CSI) as well as overall growth inhibition. Total soluble sugars, glucose, and fructose under 50 mM NaCl were enriched by 1.21, 1.28 and 1.21 folds over control, respectively to play a major role in osmotic adjustment. In summary, the production of centelloside in Indian pennywort can be practiced using 12.5–25.0 mM NaCl elicitation without any negative effects on physio-morphological performance.
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Abbreviations
- ACN:
-
Acetonitrile
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- CRD:
-
Completely randomized design
- CSI:
-
Crop stress index
- DW:
-
Dry weight
- E:
-
Transpiration rate
- EC:
-
Electro-conductivity
- Fv/Fm :
-
Maximum quantum yield of PSII
- gs :
-
Stomatal conductance
- HPLC:
-
High-performance liquid chromatography
- HSD:
-
Honestly significant difference
- IRGA:
-
Infrared gas analyzer
- LED:
-
Light emitting diode
- MJA:
-
Methyl jasmonate
- NaCl:
-
Sodium chloride
- Pn :
-
Net photosynthetic rate
- PO:
-
Proline oxidase
- P5CS:
-
Pyrroline-5-carboxylase synthetase
- ΦPSII :
-
Photon yield of PSII
- PPFD:
-
Photosynthetic photon flux density
- SPAD:
-
Leaf greenness
- TDZ:
-
Thidiazuron
- TLeaf :
-
Leaf temperature
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This study was funded by the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) (Grant Number P-20-52585).
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SC: Project leader, experimental layout, and manuscript preparation, HPS: Data analysis and manuscript editing, PP and PP: Plant material preparation, data collection and analysis, KT, and RT: Establishment and execution of experiment, and physiological data collection and analysis, CT: Measurement of morphological, centellosides assay and overall growth characteristics.
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Pipatsitee, P., Praseartkul, P., Theerawitaya, C. et al. Exogenous NaCl salt elicitor improves centelloside content and physio-morphological adaptations in indian pennywort (Centella asiatica). J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 31, 777–787 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-021-00716-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-021-00716-7