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Antidiarrheal activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Sida cordifolia roots in Wister albino rats

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Abstract

Sida cordifolia Linn. (Malvaceae) traditionally used for the treatment of chronic dysentery, diarrhea, and dyspepsia. The core aim of the present study is to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of hydroalcoholic extract of roots of Sida cordifolia (HESC) in animal models. The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhea models whereas Anti-secretory and anti-motility activities were investigated using castor oil-induced enteropooling assay and gastrointestinal transit test examined in animal models respectively. Antidiarrheal activities compared to loperamide, a positive control. The acute toxicity effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of S. cordifolia also investigated. S. cordifolia (100-400mg/kg) produced dose-dependent and significant protection of rats against castor oil-induced diarrhea, magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhea, delayed gastric emptying and inhibited intestinal transit. HESC, dose-dependently and significantly delayed the onset of castor-oil induced diarrhea and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhea, decreased the frequency of defecation, and reduced the severity of diarrhea in the rats as well as loperamide (5mg/kg). Furthermore, HESC produced dose-dependent and significant anti-motility effect, caused inhibition of castor-oil-induced enteropooling in rats, almost similar to loperamide. Additionally, castor oil-induced enteropooling assay, HESC dose-dependently and significantly decreased the volume of castor oil-induced intestinal fluid secretion compared with the control group. In gastrointestinal transit test, delayed gastric emptying and decreased the propulsion of charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract also observed. The effect of HESC significant and dose-dependent when compared with the control group. There was no deaths or abnormalities in behavior seen in the acute toxicity test. The experimental findings indicate that HESC possesses antidiarrheal property in rats. These activities confirm the ethnomedicinal use of S. cordifolia roots a valuable natural remedy for the treatment, management, and control of diarrhea.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Professor Dr. Bidyut Kanti Datta, Chairman, Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh for his permission to use the facilities of the Pharmacology and Phytochemistry Laboratory.

Funding

This research work did not have any particular funding. All the studies had been self-funded by author and co-authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien, 97004, Taiwan

    Md. Shahed-Al-Mahmud

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51, Siddeswari Road, Dhaka, 1217, Bangladesh

    Tajdika Jahan & Md. Towhidul Islam

Authors
  1. Md. Shahed-Al-Mahmud
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  2. Tajdika Jahan
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  3. Md. Towhidul Islam
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Contributions

Md. Shahed-Al-Mahmud designed and coordinated all laboratory experiments, analyzed and interpreted results. Tajdika Jahan and Md. Towhidul Islam conducted all experiments. Md. Shahed-Al-Mahmud done statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Md. Shahed-Al-Mahmud.

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Ethical Statement

All the experimental mice were treated following the Ethical Principles and Guidelines for Scientific Experiments on Animals (1995) formulated by The Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences and the Swiss Academy of Sciences. The Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (SUB/IAEC/16.04) of Stamford University Bangladesh approved all experimental rules.

Conflicts of Interests

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

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Abbreviations

HESC, hydroalcoholic extract of Sida cordifolia; ICDDR, B, international center for diarrheal disease and research, Bangladesh; Na+/K+ ATPase, sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase; WHO world health organization; p.o., per oral

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Shahed-Al-Mahmud, M., Jahan, T. & Towhidul Islam, M. Antidiarrheal activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Sida cordifolia roots in Wister albino rats. Orient Pharm Exp Med 18, 51–58 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-017-0295-5

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