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Element distribution in lean duplex stainless steel welds

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Abstract

Segregation of alloying elements and nitrogen loss may have a negative effect on the corrosion resistance of autogenously welded duplex stainless steel. The lean duplex LDX 2101® (EN 1.4162, UNS S32101) has less metal element segregation and improved austenite formation compared to other duplex grades and addition of filler metal is not always necessary to achieve good corrosion properties. In gas tungsten arc welding, nitrogen additions to the shielding gas can counteract nitrogen loss and thereby contribute to achievement of the required phase balance. The element distribution in S32101 welds performed autogenously bead-on-plate with and without nitrogen additions to the shielding gas has been quantified and illustrated with electron probe microanalysis mapping. Local segregation and depletion along the fusion line have been elucidated and explained in terms of epitaxial growth and dendritic solidification behavior. The resulting variations in the corrosion resistance are demonstrated by the pitting resistance equivalent distribution and compared to previously known corrosion data.

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Acknowledgements

Kaj Grönlund at Corr-Control in Avesta, Sweden, is acknowledged for the extensive work with EPMA mapping. Rachel Pettersson at Avesta Research Center (ARC), Sweden, and Carl E. Cross at BAM, Germany, contributed with improvements on the script. Sten Wessman at Swerea KIMAB, Sweden, and Jan-Olof Andersson at ARC are acknowledged for assistance with Thermo-Calc. Jan Y. Jonsson at ARC is acknowledged for the EBSD work. Professor Toshihiro Koseki at Tokyo University, Japan, provided his valuable publications on this matter.

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  1. Elin M. Westin

    Present address: voestalpine Böhler Welding Austria GmbH, Böhler Welding Str. 1, 8605, Kapfenberg, Austria

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Outokumpu Stainless, Avesta Research Center, P.O. Box 74, 774 22, Avesta, Sweden

    Elin M. Westin

  2. Outokumpu Stainless Research Foundation, Brinellvägen 23, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden

    Staffan Hertzman

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  1. Elin M. Westin
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Correspondence to Elin M. Westin.

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Doc. IIW-2424, recommended for publication by Commission IX “Behaviour of Metals Subjected to Welding”.

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Westin, E.M., Hertzman, S. Element distribution in lean duplex stainless steel welds. Weld World 58, 143–160 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-013-0108-5

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