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Evaluation of stiffness and strength in fused deposition sandwich specimens

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Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract:

New technologies known as additive manufacturing (AM) are now available for producing prototypes directly from a 3D CAD model. However, prototypes made by AM usually have mechanical characteristics inferior to those of the final product. AM technologies are in increasing demand for use in the development of functional prototypes and the manufacture of final products. The main aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of deposition strategies on the mechanical behavior of the AM process known as fused deposition modeling (FDM) and to gain a better understanding of the stiffness behavior of the parts. Specimens with different raster orientations in each layer (sandwich-like configurations) were built. The final stiffness and strength of the specimens were determined in tensile and bending tests, and the stiffness was predicted using classical lamination theory. The stiffness in the two main directions for the specimens manufactured with the sandwich deposition configurations was higher than or at least equal to the stiffness of the specimens produced with the default FDM configuration. However, the results indicate that the analytical model used did not accurately predict the behavior in the experimental tests.

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Abbreviations

A :

Coefficient of the laminate membrane stiffness matrix, N/m

B :

Coefficient of the laminate membrane-bending coupling matrix, N

D :

Coefficient of the laminate bending-stiffness matrix, Nm

E :

Young’s modulus, Pa

G :

Shear modulus, Pa

h :

Thickness, m

k :

Curvature, m−1

M :

Moment resultant, N

N :

In-plane resultant force, N/m

θ :

Raster angle or fiber’s angle orientation, degrees

ε :

Extensional strain, dimensionless

γ :

Shearing strain, dimensionless

ν:

Poisson’s ratio, dimensionless

ef:

Relative to effective Young’s modulus

i, j :

Indices of the laminate stiffness matrices

L:

Relative to longitudinal direction of a layer (fiber’s direction)

T:

Relative to transverse direction of a layer

t:

Relative to total thickness of the specimen

x :

Relative to x coordinate

y :

Relative to y coordinate

0:

Relative to strains in the midplane of a laminate

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Polymers Laboratory, Caxias do Sul University (UCS), for allowing them to use the universal test machine at the laboratory, FAPEAM and Yamaha Motor da Amazônia Ltda. and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil, for their support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Av. General Rodrigo Otávio, 3000, Campus Universitário, Coroado I, Manaus, AM, Brazil

    L. C. Magalhães

  2. Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Av. Sete de Setembro, 3165, Curitiba, PR, 80230-901, Brazil

    L. C. Magalhães, N. Volpato & M. A. Luersen

Authors
  1. L. C. Magalhães
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  2. N. Volpato
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  3. M. A. Luersen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. Volpato.

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Technical Editor: Lavinia Maria Sanabio Alves Borges.

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Magalhães, L.C., Volpato, N. & Luersen, M.A. Evaluation of stiffness and strength in fused deposition sandwich specimens. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 36, 449–459 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-013-0111-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-013-0111-1

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