Abstract
The cat tail (Typha elephantina), a non-food commercial crop grows as an emergent hydrophyte in tidal waterlogged areas. Its leaves are used for preparing mats and used as roof top and wall partition. Typha sp. has been found to be efficient accumulator of N from sediment under waterlogged condition. The N utilization mainly through nitrate reductase (NR) activity was studied in Typha with four levels of N fertilizers i.e. 0, 30 and 60 and 90 kg ha−1 applied at three stages of plant growth i.e. basal, 3 and 6 month after planting. In general, there was reduction in NR activity under waterlogged condition in Typha. But application of @ 90 kg ha−1 maintained high NR activity when it was applied as basal stage. Basal application of N was found better than its application at 3 or 6 month stage of crop growth. The higher leaf NR activity at 60 and 90 kg ha−1 N application level suggested better N utilization under waterlogged environment. The photosynthesis rate showed significant increase with higher N application concomitant with greater stomatal conductance (r = 0.84**; n = 12). There was significant increase in leaf yield when N was applied @ 90 kg ha−1 N level as basal dosage as compared to later stage (3 or 6 months) of crop growth. The highest fertilizer use efficiency (kg dry leaf kg−1 applied N) was also found at 90 kg N ha−1 as compared to 30 or 60 kg ha−1 N level, which corroborated superior N fertilizer utilization ability of Typha under waterlogged condition.
References
Brahmananda, P. S., Ghosh, S., Chandra, D., Singhandhupe, R. B., Roy Chowdhury, S., Reddy, G. P., et al. (2009). Studies on performance of rice as influenced by drainage in eastern India. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 55, 295–300.
Commission, Planning. (2011). Mid-term appraisal of eleventh five year plan 2007–2012 (p. 500p). New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Cottam, G., & Curtis, J. T. (1956). Use of distance measures in phytosociological sampling. Ecology, 37, 451–460.
Darnell, R. L., & Stutte, G. W. (2001). Nitrate concentration effects on NO3-N uptake and reduction, growth, and fruit yield in strawberry. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 126, 560–563.
Das, S., & Tanaka, N. (2007). Estimating nitrogen budgets of Typha angustifolia by considering the regrowth shoot productivity and nitrogen content after harvesting aerial organs in different growing seasons. Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 3, 99–108.
Datta, D., Chattopadhyay, R. N., & Deb, S. (2011). Prospective livelihood opportunities from the mangroves of the Sunderbans, India. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5, 536–543. doi.10.3923/rjes.2011.536.543. Accessed 26 August 2015.
Ghosh, S. K. (2002). Wetland ecosystem. In West Bengal state biodiversity strategy and action plan: Prepared under the national biodiversity strategic action plan (NBSAP). The Department of Environment, Government of West Bengal and Ramkrishna Mission-Narendrapur, West Bengal, India, pp. 86–105. Executed by Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India, Technical implementation by Kalpavriksh and Administrative Coordination by Biotech Consortium, India Ltd., Funded by Global Environmental facility through UNDP.
Gomez, K., & Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical procedures for agricultural research (p. 679). New York: Wiley.
Jampeetong, A., & Brix, H. (2009). Nitrogen nutrition of Salvinia natans effect of inorganic nitrogen form on growth, morphology, nitrate reductase activity and uptake kinetics of ammonium and nitrate. Aquatic Botany, 90, 67–73.
Jampeetong, A., Brix, H. & Kantawanichkul, S. (2012). Effects of inorganic nitrogen forms on growth, morphology, nitrogen uptake capacity and nutrient allocation of four tropical aquatic macrophytes, Salvinia culcullata, Ipomoea aquatica, Cyperus involucratus and Vetiveria zizaniodes. Aquatic Botany, 97, 10–16.
Jaworski, E. G. (1971). Nitrate reductase assay in intact plant tissues. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 43, 1274–1279.
Konnerup, D., & Brix, H. (2010). Nitrogen nutrition of Canna indica: Effects of ammonium versus nitrate on growth, biomass allocation, photosynthesis, nitrate reductase activity and N uptake rates. Aquatic Botany, 92, 142–148.
Lavres, J., Jr., Monteiro, F. A., & Santos, J. G., Jr. (2010). Nitrate reductase activity and spad readings in leaf tissues of guinea grass submitted to nitrogen and potassium rates. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias. doi:10.1590/S0100-06832010000300022.
Li, S. W., Lissner, J., Mendelssohn, I. A., Brix, H., Lorenzen, B., McKee, K. L., et al. (2010). Nutrient and growth responses of cat tail (Typha domingensis) to redox intensity and phosphate availability. Annals of Botany, 105, 175–184.
Liu, X., Fan, Y., Long, J., Wei, R., Kjelgren, R., Gong, C., et al. (2013). Effects of soil water and nitrogen availability on photosynthesis and water use efficiency of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), 25, 585–595.
Miao, S. (2004). Rhizome growth and nutrient resorption: Mechanisms underlying the replacement of two clonal species in Florida Everglades. Aquatic Botany, 78, 55–66.
Puste, A. M. (2004). Agronomic management of wetland crops. Ludhiana: Kalyani Publishers. ISBN: 81-272-1334-9.
Roy Chowdhury, S., Brahmanand, P. S., & Kumar, A. (2014). Production physiology of cat tail (Typha sp.) and leaf quality at different N level under waterlogged condition. In Abstract proceedings in national conference of plant physiology on “Frontiers of Plant Physiology Research; Food security and environmental challanges”. NCPP-2014, organized by ISPP, New Delhi, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 23th–25th November, 2014.
Roy Chowdhury, S., & Varma, S. P. (1998). Diurnal changes in photosynthetic behavior in sweet potato under different irrigation regimes. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2, 86–88.
Sun, J., Ye, M., Peng, S., & Li, Y. (2016). Nitrogen can improve the rapid response of photosynthesis to changing irradiance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Nature. doi:10.1038/srep31305. Accessed 28 November 2016.
Vantomme, P., Markkula, A., & Leslie, R. N. (2002). Non-wood forest products of 15 countries of tropical Asia: An overview. Information and analysis for sustainable forest management: Linking national and international efforts in South and Southeast Asia. EC-FAO Partnership Programme (2000–2002) Bankok, Thailand.
WTCER. (2007). Perspective plan. Vision 2025. Bhubaneswar: Water Technology Center for Eastern Region, ICAR.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Roy Chowdhury, S., Brahmanand, P.S., Manikandan, N. et al. Effect of N application on its utilization and gaseous exchange in cat tail (Typha elephantina) under waterlogged condition. Ind J Plant Physiol. 22, 263–266 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-017-0295-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40502-017-0295-y