Abstract
Buckwheat is a functional staple food, which is rich in rutin and other flavonoids with strong antioxidant potential. However, the quality of buckwheat grain is easy to degrade during storage and low temperature is better to keep the flavor and texture. We tested the hypothesis that the quality degradation is related to seed dormancy which is lost at a rate in temperature-dependent manner in most seeds. To understand physiological processes in seeds under temperature stress, which affects quality of stored buckwheat grain, a gel-free/label-free proteomic analysis was conducted. Compared to the seeds before storage, a total of 30, 76, 52, 14, and 61 proteins were affected at 5 °C for 5 months, 5 °C for 10 months, 15 °C for 5 months, 15 °C for 10 months, and 25 °C for 5 months, respectively. Functional classification revealed that storage condition at 5 °C for 5 months resulted in different protein profile from other conditions and suitable for keeping best condition. Storage at higher temperature for longer time influenced proteins related to preparation for emergence by carbohydrate metabolism, endogenous gene expression, and protein homeostasis. Proteins such as granule-bound starch synthase and 13S seed storage protein consistently decreased in abundance during storage. These results suggest that stored buckwheat seeds experience seed dormancy release, but the processes are not clear in relation to temperature rise. Dormancy break is recognized but emergence is inhibited by abscisic acid, which was induced by temperature stress, showing the complexity of buckwheat germination control. The quality degradation of stored seeds might be due to changed starch composition and protein network.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- LC:
-
Liquid chromatography
- MS:
-
Mass spectrometry
- CHO:
-
Carbohydrate
- GAPDH:
-
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- FBPA:
-
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
- HSP:
-
Heat shock protein
References
Baskin CC, Baskin JM (1998) Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. Academic Press, SanDiego
Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254
Dietrych-Szostak D, Oleszek W (1999) Effect of processing on the flavonoid content in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) grain. J Agr Food Chem 47:4384–4387
Ferreira Cda S, Piedade MT, Tiné MA, Rossatto DR, Parolin P, Buckeridge MS (2009) The role of carbohydrates in seed germination and seedling establishment of Himatanthus sucuuba, an Amazonian tree with populations adapted to flooded and non-flooded conditions. Ann Bot 104:1111–1119
Goggin DE, Steadman KJ, Emery RJ, Farrow SC, Benech-Arnold RL, Powles SB (2009) ABA inhibits germination but not dormancy release in mature imbibed seeds of Lolium rigidum Gaud. J Exp Bot 60:3387–3396
Gomez-Cadenas A, Vives V, Zandalinas SI, Manzi M, Sanchez-Perez AM, Perez-Clemente RM, Arbona V (2015) Abscisic acid: a versatile phytohormone in plant signaling and beyond. Curr Protein Pept Sci 16:413–434
Guo XN, Wei XM, Zhu KX (2017) The impact of protein cross-linking induced by alkali on the quality of buckwheat noodles. Food Chem 221:1178–1185
Hara T, Matsui K, Ikoma H, Tetsuka T (2009) Cultivar difference in grain yield and preharvest sprouting in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Jpn J Crop Sci 78:189–195
Inglett GE, Xu J, Stevenson DG, Chen D (2009) Rheological and pasting properties of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) flours with and without jet-cooking. Cereal Chem 86:1–6
Ishihama Y, Oda Y, Tabata T, Sato T, Nagasu T, Rappsilber J, Mann M (2005) Exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) for estimation of absolute protein amount in proteomics by the number of sequenced peptides per protein. Mol Cell Proteomics 4:1265–1272
Iwata H, Imon K, Tsumura Y, Ohsawa R (2005) Genetic diversity among Japanese indigenous common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) cultivars as determined from amplified fragment length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers and quantitative agronomic traits. Genome 48:367–377
Kamiyama S, Itoh M, Oshimi M, Takiguchi M, Kushihara S, Ishiguro M, Kobayashi K, Shimojo S, Watanabe S, Sone H (2015) The efficacy of snow room (yukimuro) storage for the preservation of buckwheat grain. Ningenseigatsugakukenkyu 6:83–92
Kawakami I, Murayama N, Kawasaki S, Igasaki T, Hayashida Y (2009a) Effects of storage temperature on flavor of stone-milled buckwheat flour. Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 55:559–565
Kawakami I, Murayama N, Kawasaki S, Igasaki T, Hayashida Y (2009b) Influence of storage period on characteristics of stone-milled buckwheat flour. Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 56:513–519
Khan N, Takahashi Y, Katsube-Tanaka T (2012) Tandem repeat inserts in 13S globulin subunits, the major allergenic storage protein of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds. Food Chem 133:29–37
Komatsu S, Han C, Nanjo Y, Altaf-Un-Nahar M, Wang K, He D, Yang P (2013) Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of abscisic acid effect in early-stage soybean under flooding. J Proteome Res 12:4769–4784
Lohse M, Nagel A, Herter T, May P, Schroda M, Zrenner R, Tohge T, Fernie AR, Stitt M, Usadel B (2014) Mercator: a fast and simple web server for genome scale functional annotation of plant sequence data. Plant Cell Environ 37:1250–1258
Nair A, Adachi T (1999) Immunodetection and characterization of allergenic proteins in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). Plant Biotech 16:219–224
Olsen JV, de Godoy LM, Li G, Macek B, Mortensen P, Pesch R, Makarov A, Lange O, Horning S, Mann M (2005) Parts per million mass accuracy on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer via lock mass injection into a C-trap. Mol Cell Proteomics 4:2010–2021
Sano M, Nakagawa M, Oishi A, Yasui Y, Katsube-Tanaka T (2014) Diversification of 13S globulins, allergenic seed storage proteins, of common buckwheat. Food Chem 155:192–198
Shiota H, Yang G, Shen S, Eun CH, Watabe K, Tanaka I, Kamada H (2004) Isolation and characterization of six abscisic acid-inducible genes from carrot somatic embryos. Plant Biotechnol (Sheffield) 21:309–314
Shu K, Liu XD, Xie Q, He ZH (2016) Two faces of one seed: hormonal regulation of dormancy and germination. Mol Plant 9:34–45
Torbica A, Hadnađev M, Hadnađev TD (2012) Rice and buckwheat flour characterisation and its relation to cookie quality. Food Res Int 48:277–283
Vegis A (1964) Dormancy in higher plants. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 15:185–224
Vleeshouwers LM, Bouwmeester HJ (2001) A simulation model for seasonal changes in dormancy and germination of weed seeds. Seed Sci Res 11:77–92
Zhang Y, Wen Z, Washburn MP, Florens L (2009) Effect of dynamic exclusion duration on spectral count based quantitative proteomics. Anal Chem 81:6317–6326
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Xin Wang, Ms. Ehsaneh Khodadadi, and Ms. Chieri Kawashima of the University of Tsukuba and National Institute of Crop Science, Japan for experimental help.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
All of the authors declare no conflict of interest.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hashiguchi, A., Yoshioka, H. & Komatsu, S. Proteomic analysis of temperature dependency of buckwheat seed dormancy and quality degradation. Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol. 30, 77–88 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-018-0104-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-018-0104-7