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Leaf photosynthetic responses of passion fruit genotypes to varying sunlight exposure within the canopies

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Abstract

Passion fruit plants (Passiflora spp.) have very dense canopies so that leaves located at the top of them can shade the ones more internally located. This shade can change physiological and morphological leaf traits. Here we used gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters as tools to evaluate the responses of full sun-light exposed (FSE) leaves, leaves at intermediate position (IP) and shaded leaves (S) of three Passiflora genotypes [P. edulis f. flavicarpa (Maguary selection—FB 100) (M); P. giberti (G) and P. cincinnata (C)]. FSE leaves presented greater net photosynthetic rates (A net ), what accounted for increasing both intrinsic water use efficiency and water use efficiency. Otherwise, leaves grown and adapted to shade environments tended to always show low A net values, although such values were increased at 12:00, when light availability was improved. Leaves at IP and S leaves presented higher ratio of internal to ambient CO2 concentration (C i /C a ) likely due to reduced carboxylation efficiency. FSE leaves presented photoprotection mechanisms against high light intensities, while leaves under lower light intensities (IP and S) showed variable responses of chlorophyll a fluorescence, depending on the genotype.

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Abbreviations

ABS/CS 0 :

Absorption energy fluxes per excited cross-section

A net :

Net photosynthetic rates (\(\mu {\text{mol}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }} \,{\text{m}}^{ - 2} \,{\text{s}}^{ - 1}\))

C :

Passiflora cincinnata

C i /C a :

Ratio of internal to ambient CO2 concentration

DI/CS 0 :

Dissipation energy flux at the level of the antenna chlorophylls per excited cross-section

E :

Transpiration rates (\({\text{mmol}}_{{{\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}}} \,{\text{m}}^{ - 2} \,{\text{s}}^{ - 1}\))

ET/CS 0 :

Flux of electrons from QA− into the electron transport chain per excited cross-section

FSE :

Full sunlight exposure

F v /F 0 :

Contribution of the light reactions for primary photochemistry

F v /F m :

Ratio—maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry

g s :

Stomatal conductance (\({\text{mol}}_{{{\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}}}} \,{\text{m}}^{ - 2} \,{\text{s}}^{ - 1}\))

IP :

Intermediate position

iWUE :

Intrinsic water use efficiency

M :

Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa (Maguary selection – FB 100)

P :

Passiflora giberti

PPFD :

Photosynthetic photon flux density (µmol m−2 s−1)

PSI :

Photosystem I

PSII :

Photosystem II

RC/CS 0 :

Fraction of active reaction centers per excited cross-section of leaf

S :

Shade

TR/CS 0 :

Excitation energy flux trapped by a reaction center (RC) and utilized for the reduction of QA to Q −A per excited cross-section

VPD leaf-air :

Vapor pressure deficit between leaf and air (kPa)

WUE :

Water use efficiency

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-CAPES, Fundação Carlos Chagas de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) for financial support and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (fellowship granted to E. Campostrini). The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Celular and Tissue Biology Laboratory, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, State University of North Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil

    Letícia Cespom Passos

  2. Plant Physiology Laboratory, LMGV, Agricultural Science and Technology Center, State University of North Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil

    Jefferson Rangel da Silva, Weverton Pereira Rodrigues, Jose Altino Machado Filho & Eliemar Campostrini

  3. Department of Education, Exact and Natural Sciences, State University of Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, s/n, São Luíz, MA, 65055-310, Brazil

    Fabrício de Oliveira Reis

  4. Department of Plant Science, Institute of Agronomy, Federal Rural University Federal of Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil

    Marco Antônio da Silva Vasconcellos

  5. Institute of Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension of Espírito Santo, Rua Afonso Sarlo 160, Bento Ferreira, Vitória, ES, 29052-010, Brazil

    Jose Altino Machado Filho

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  1. Letícia Cespom Passos
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Correspondence to Eliemar Campostrini.

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Passos, L.C., da Silva, J.R., Rodrigues, W.P. et al. Leaf photosynthetic responses of passion fruit genotypes to varying sunlight exposure within the canopies. Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol. 30, 103–112 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-018-0106-5

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