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Allelopathic property and an allelopathic substance in Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.)

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Abstract

Plants, which include crops, weeds, and trees, are able to release effective allelochemicals that inhibit the growth and development of other plants. Eleocharis atropurpurea, a small, annual tufted weed, is renowned for being widely found in crop fields, yet there have been no studies on the allelopathy of E. atropurpurea (Cyperaceae). Thus, we explored the allelopathic potential and allelochemicals in E. atropurpurea and found that aqueous methanol extracts of E. atropurpurea inhibited the seedling growth of Lepidium sativum, Medicago sativa, Lolium multiflorum, and Phleum pratense. There was a significant negative correlation between the seedling growth of the test plants and extract concentration. Extracts were purified using several chromatographic steps and one growth inhibitory substance was isolated and identified by spectroscopic analysis as trans-ferulaldehyde. The active substance trans-ferulaldehyde significantly inhibited the shoot and root length of Lepidium sativum at concentrations higher than 1.0 and 3.0 mM, respectively, whereas the seedling length of Echinochloa crus-galli was inhibited by trans-ferulaldehyde at concentrations higher than 3.0 mM. The trans-ferulaldehyde I50 values for the growth of Lepidium sativum and Echinochloa crus-galli were in the range of 0.73–3.68 mM. The growth inhibitory results of this study suggest that trans-ferulaldehyde may be responsible for the inhibitory effects of E. atropurpurea and may contribute to weed allelopathy.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Professor Dennis Murphy, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Japan for editing the English of the manuscript. Farhana Zaman acknowledges the Japanese Government for having provided financial support (MEXT scholarship) to carry out this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan

    Farhana Zaman & Hisashi Kato-Noguchi

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan

    Arihiro Iwasaki & Kiyotake Suenaga

  3. The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan

    Farhana Zaman

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  1. Farhana Zaman
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  2. Arihiro Iwasaki
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  4. Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
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Correspondence to Farhana Zaman.

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Zaman, F., Iwasaki, A., Suenaga, K. et al. Allelopathic property and an allelopathic substance in Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.). Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol. 30, 347–355 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-018-0130-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-018-0130-5

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