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Echolocation Clicks of Irrawaddy Dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) During Foraging in the Bay of Brunei, Malaysia

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Abstract

The source parameters of Irrawaddy dolphins’ echolocation click in the Bay of Brunei were estimated. Analysis of eight parameters shows that the Irrawaddy dolphins produce broadband echolocation clicks with mean click duration of 21.1 ± 7.2 μs. The clicks had a mean peak-to-peak apparent source level (ASLpp) of 201.2 ± 7.3 dB re 1 μPa (N = 350), a mean peak frequency of 116.5 ± 15.2 kHz, a mean centroid frequency of 115.4 ± 13.9 kHz, − 3 dB bandwidth of 51.8 ± 17.7 kHz, and − 10 dB bandwidth of 100.9 ± 20.3 kHz. Foraging behaviour was characterized by the high movement of the animals in various directions with no obvious pattern and frequent deep dives. The source parameters of the Brunei Bay Irrawaddy dolphins’ clicks from the present study were compared to those of the populations in Bangladesh and Thailand. The apparent source level and frequency range of clicks for the population in Brunei Bay were wider than those of the population in Bangladesh and Thailand. The variations in the measured parameters might be due to environmental factors or behaviour related.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Chinese National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC1406305), the Chinese National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC1405100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41676024), Deep Sea Mineral Environment Research (Grant No. DY135-E2-4-06), and the China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund. We gratefully acknowledge the members at the Department of Applied Marine Physics & Engineering, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, for their assistance in data management and analysis. We also like to thank the Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), for being the liaison in ‘Joint FIO-UMT surveys for marine mammals and sea turtle in the Bay of Brunei, 2015-2018′. We also thank the Sarawak Forestry Corporation for their continuous support on marine mammal research in the Bay of Brunei, Sarawak. Thanks also go to the volunteers and a special thank you to Mr Ismail Ahmad (the boat skipper) and his family as this work would not have been possible without their logistical supports.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an Campus, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China

    Hairul Masrini Muhamad & Xiaomei Xu

  2. MNR Key Laboratory for Science and Engineering of Marine Ecosystem, First Institute of Oceanography (FIO), Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao, 266061, China

    Xuelei Zhang

  3. Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Saifullah Arifin Jaaman, Azmi Marzuki Muda, Farah Dayana Haji Ismail & Nurlisa Azizul

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Muhamad, H.M., Xu, X., Zhang, X. et al. Echolocation Clicks of Irrawaddy Dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) During Foraging in the Bay of Brunei, Malaysia. Acoust Aust 48, 201–210 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40857-020-00183-5

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