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Epoxy, polyester and vinyl ester based polymer concrete: a review

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Abstract

Polymer concrete refers to the use of a polymer such as epoxy, polyester or vinyl ester materials for coating, supplement or cement replacement that enhances mechanical and durability properties of concrete. These three are commonly used resins; depending on the way it is applied, it can produce polymer-impregnated concrete, polymer-coated concrete, polymer-modified concrete and normal or ordinary polymer concrete with a polymer resin that is used instead of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). In general, polymer concrete has a much higher strength development rate than ordinary concrete and is used to produce high-strength concrete, which is a well-known anti-corrosion and chemical-resistant material. The mechanism that polymer concrete follows consists of using a thermosetting resin with a curing agent to initiate curing and start its cross-linking network reaction to bind with the surrounding materials. In addition, fillers and often other cementitious materials are also used to modify the resulted binder’s flowability, strength development and other properties. Due to its impermeability and other potentials, polymer concrete can be a major alternative for OPC-based concrete or act as a supplement in precast structures and repair. With this basis, this article, for the first time, provides a comparative state-of-the-art review of fresh, mechanical and durability properties, of each resin used with their respective results. Based on the reviewed content, the addition of resins can enhance physicomechanical and durability properties of concrete structures, especially if used in combination with other fillers and cementitious materials, producing a cost-effective composite material.

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Availability of data and material

The data gathered are available as the supplementary material.

Code availability

The authors declare that no code is used for the purpose of this article.

Notes

  1. USD: United States Dollar.

  2. In this review, the terminology used as hardener, accelerator, or curing agent throughout the text, all refer to the catalyst used to initiate curing of the resins and does not refer to the adhesive materials often used in two-part epoxy systems.

  3. (\(K = {\text{A}} \times e^{{\frac{ - E}{{{\text{R}}T}}}}\) where K is the rate of reaction, A is a constant, E is activation energy, T is the temperature and R represents universal gas constant.

Abbreviations

OPC:

Ordinary Portland cement

PET:

Polyethylene terephthalate

MMA:

Methyl and methacrylate

AAMs:

Alkali-activated materials

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

LCA:

Lifecycle assessment

Ortho:

Orthophthalic

Iso:

Isophthalic

SCMs:

Supplementary cementitious materials

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Acknowledgements

This article is dedicated to my great mentor Dr. Togay Ozbakkaloglu, for if it hadn't been for his help, this work would not have been conducted.

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    Mehrab Nodehi

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Nodehi, M. Epoxy, polyester and vinyl ester based polymer concrete: a review. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 7, 64 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00661-3

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