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Amide alkaloids from Piper guineense and its crude extract as protectants against Sitophilus zeamais

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Abstract

The edible plant, Piper guineense Schum and Thonn, belongs to the family Piperaceae and possesses insecticidal properties against stored product insects, but information on isolation and use of its amide alkaloids for the control of insect pests is scanty. Therefore, amide alkaloids from P. guineense fruits as well as its crude extract were investigated as protectant against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulschy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a cosmopolitan insect pest. Chemical analysis of P. guineense was done using chromatographic techniques and amide alkaloids were identified using liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS). The compounds were assayed on five pairs of two-day-old S. zeamais, feeding with the maize variety, TZPB-SR-W. All parameters, including mortality and oviposition by female S. zeamais, repellent effect of the compounds and their effects on maize seed germination, were evaluated relative to the synthetic chemical, pirimiphos-methyl and ethanol, as positive and negative controls, respectively. The six compounds identified were dihydrowisanine (1.01%), guineensine (0.22%), piperine (6.64%), piperlonguminine (0.25%), propiverine (0.16%) and trichostachine (3.80%). Guineensine and piperine caused the highest mortalities (97.5% and 82.5%, respectively) of S. zeamais, which were not significantly different from the mortality (100%) caused by pirimiphos-methyl. In addition, piperine treatment significantly reduced oviposition (0.75 per grain) when compared to ethanol-treated grains (5.00 per grain). There were no significant differences in per cent germination between maize seeds treated with the amide compounds and those included in the control groups (positive and negative controls). Amide alkaloids from P. guineense offer a useful source of biopesticide material for controlling S. zeamais.

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Data availability

The data sets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors deeply acknowledge Prof. B. Torto of the Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit (BCEU) of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya, for granting the permission to carry out this work in his laboratory and for his professional roles. The technical assistance from Mr Onesmus Wanyanma and Mrs Ruth Kihika of BCEU, ICIPE, is also appreciated.

Funding

This work was funded by the Tertiary Education Trust Fund under the Academic Staff Training and Development of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Mobolade Dele Akinbuluma & Francis Kolawole Ewete

  2. Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya

    Mobolade Dele Akinbuluma

  3. Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Ibrahim Adebayo Oladosu

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  1. Mobolade Dele Akinbuluma
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  2. Francis Kolawole Ewete
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  3. Ibrahim Adebayo Oladosu
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AMD and FKE designed the research. AMD conducted experiments. OIA guided in chromatographic techniques. AMD analysed data and prepared manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscripts.

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Correspondence to Mobolade Dele Akinbuluma.

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Akinbuluma, M.D., Ewete, F.K. & Oladosu, I.A. Amide alkaloids from Piper guineense and its crude extract as protectants against Sitophilus zeamais. J Plant Dis Prot 128, 1557–1564 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-021-00518-y

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