Abstract
Alternaria blight of oilseed Brassica crop is most widespread disease caused by necrotrophic ascomycetes fungus such as Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola which cause huge economic loss. Among large reasons, the key reason for Alternaria blight infection is due to nutrients deficiency such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S) and potassium (K). Thus, B. juncea requires different nutrients for improving its health and capability to resist the disease. Since the use of agrochemicals and fungicides is not much efficient, fungal pathogens develop resistance and fungicides have large side effects on human and soil health, there is a need to screen biocidal agents developed through newly advanced and innovative technology known as nanotechnology. Enormous reports have recommended the use of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) for disease management such as titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2), iron oxide NPs (Fe3O4), zinc oxide NPs (ZnO NPs), cerium oxide (CeO2) and copper oxide NPs (CuO NPs). Among these, biogenic CuO NPs synthesized from different species of Trichoderma can be considered as promising and most efficient antifungal agent against Alternaria blight. Due to some specific properties, nanoparticles have been used for agricultural needs, among which CuO NPs have special feature as they activate defense system of plants and inhibit spore germination of phytopathogens. The cost effective synthesis and novel properties of CuO NPs makes them an alternative to copper fungicides. Therefore, the following review summarizes an insight into the proposed mechanism of CuO NPs as a protective and curative agent for Alternaria blight disease management. The biogenic CuO NPs monitor the disease development and its control by two methods. One is preventive method in which CuO NPs retard the growth of Alternaria brassicae on susceptible leaf tissues, thus preventing the Alternaria blight, while in another method, CuO NPs act as a curative medicine which kills the pathogen by releasing Alternaria inhibiting compounds and helps in transportation of these compounds at the site of infection. Hence, the current review focused on the properties of CuO NPs for their biocontrol efficacy against Alternaria blight through in vivo studies.
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Abbreviations
- NPs:
-
Nanoparticles
- CuO:
-
Copper oxide
- Cu:
-
Copper
- S:
-
Sulfur
- Zn:
-
Zinc
- K:
-
Potassium
- Ag:
-
Silver
- BPR:
-
Biocide Pesticide Regulation
- EC:
-
European Commission
- OECD:
-
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
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We would like to thank Professor Dr. Ajit Varma (Distinguished Scientist and Professor of Eminence, Amity Institute of Microbial Technology) for encouraging and motivating us in completion of current manuscript.
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Gaba, S., Varma, A. & Goel, A. Protective and curative activity of biogenic copper oxide nanoparticles against Alternaria blight disease in oilseed crops: a review. J Plant Dis Prot 129, 215–229 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-021-00555-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-021-00555-7