Abstract
Extensive research has been carried out to meet the cooling demand of high heat flux electrical and electronic devices. Among the emerging cooling technologies, synthetic jet (SJ) cooling has proved to be an efficient and compact candidate. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the effect of numerous geometrical and actuation parameters on the flow dynamics and heat transfer behaviour of synthetic jet cooling. The parameters studied include orifice to surface spacing, stroke length, frequency of excitation, orifice shape, orifice plate thickness, cavity shape, jet vectoring, and the acoustic aspect. The present studies also extended the discussion on a novel dual synthetic jet (DSJ) and SJ embedded heat sink. Furthermore, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the SJ are compared with the baseline case of the continuous jet. Among the studied parameters, it is found that orifice geometry, excitation frequency, amplitude, etc. play a vital role in SJ's thermal performance. Also, careful selection of the multi-orifice jet parameters can be employed for mitigating the recirculation effects of a single orifice SJ. New research areas have been identified to enable the effective implementation of SJ for high heat flux electronics cooling.
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Abbreviations
- a :
-
Radius of the diaphragm (mm)
- \({A}_{\mathrm{o}}\) :
-
Orifice area, mm2
- b :
-
Slot width (mm)
- d :
-
Orifice hydraulic diameter (mm)
- E :
-
Elastic modulus of the diaphragm
- f :
-
Actuation frequency (Hz)
- \({f}_{\mathrm{d}}\) :
-
Diaphragm resonance frequency (Hz)
- \({f}_{\mathrm{h}}\) :
-
Helmholtz resonance frequency (Hz)
- \({h}_{\mathrm{avg}}\) :
-
Average heat transfer coefficient (W/m2 K)
- \({h}_{\mathrm{max}}\) :
-
Maximum heat transfer coefficient (W/m2 K)
- H :
-
Cavity depth (mm)
- k :
-
Thermal conductivity (W/m K)
- \({k}_{\mathrm{f}}\) :
-
Thermal conductivity of fluid (W/m K)
- K :
-
Jet formation constant
- \({L}_{0}\) :
-
Stroke length (mm)
- L :
-
Dimensionless stroke length (L0/d)
- \({L}_{\mathrm{op}}\) :
-
Length of orifice plate (mm)
- \({\mathrm{Nu}}_{0}\) :
-
Stagnation Nusselt number (h d/kf)
- \({\mathrm{Nu}}_{\mathrm{avg}}\) :
-
Average Nusselt number (h d/kf)
- Pr:
-
Prandtl number
- \({P}_{\mathrm{rms}}\) :
-
Root-mean-square electrical power (W)
- r :
-
Radial distance away from stagnation point (mm)
- R :
-
Half-length of test surface (mm)
- Re:
-
Reynolds number
- R c :
-
Curvature radius of orifice (mm)
- s :
-
Spacing between two adjacent jets (mm)
- S:
-
Stokes number
- Sr:
-
Strouhal number
- t :
-
Thickness of orifice plate (mm)
- T :
-
Time period of the actuation cycle (s)
- \({T}_{\mathrm{a}}\) :
-
Ambient temperature (°C)
- \({T}_{\mathrm{w}}\) :
-
Surface temperature (°C)
- u(t):
-
Instantaneous time-averaged centerline velocity (m/s)
- U m :
-
Spatial time-averaged exit velocity (m/s)
- U 0 :
-
Time-averaged centerline velocity (m/s)
- V :
-
Volume of the cavity (mm3)
- \({V}_{\mathrm{pp}}\) :
-
Peak to peak amplitude (V)
- \({V}_{\mathrm{rms}}\) :
-
Root-mean-square amplitude (V)
- z :
-
Orifice to surface spacing (mm)
- z/d :
-
Dimensionless orifice to surface spacing
- \(\uptheta\) :
-
Jet inclination angle (°)
- \(\upphi\) :
-
Phase difference between the two jet actuators
- \(\omega\) :
-
Radian frequency of oscillation (= 2πf)
- \({\Omega }_{\mathrm{v}}\) :
-
Strength of shed vortex
- ƞ:
-
Synthetic jet actuator efficiency
- \(\upmu\) :
-
Dynamic viscosity of jet fluid (kg/m s)
- \(\rho\) :
-
Density of fluid (kg/m3)
- ν:
-
Kinematic viscosity of jet fluid (m2/s)
- A h :
-
Area of heater surface (mm2)
- AR:
-
Aspect ratio
- avg:
-
Average
- BL:
-
Boundary layer
- CJ:
-
Continuous jet
- COP:
-
Coefficient of performance
- DSJ:
-
Dual synthetic jet
- EF:
-
Enhancement factor
- HWA:
-
Hot Wire Anemometry
- PCR:
-
Pitch circle radius (mm)
- SJ:
-
Synthetic jet
- SPL:
-
Sound pressure level (dB)
- TL:
-
Transmission loss (dB)
- TBL:
-
Thermal boundary layer
- TM:
-
Thermal management
- ZNMF:
-
Zero-net-mass-flux
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Sharma, P., Singh, P.K., Sahu, S.K. et al. A Critical Review on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Synthetic Jet. Trans Indian Natl. Acad. Eng. 7, 61–92 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41403-021-00264-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41403-021-00264-5