Skip to main content
Log in

Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications In MmWave For Factory Floor Automation

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Journal of the Indian Institute of Science Aims and scope

Abstract

Automation enabled by ultra-reliable and low latency 5G connectivity is expected to transform the industrial landscape over the next decade. Given the spectrum crunch in bands below 6 GHz, there is significant interest in exploring the use of millimeter wave (mmWave) bands for industrial automation. The harsh propagation conditions at high frequencies raise questions about the viability of providing ultra-reliable and low latency connectivity in these bands. Furthermore, the use of analog beamforming with narrow beams implies limited frequency multiplexing opportunity despite the wider bandwidths available, which in turn results in larger waiting times for packet transmission. We study the propagation in a factory floor using ray tracing, which shows that received signal strength is sufficiently large even when the line-of-sight (LoS) signal is blocked. To improve the latency performance, we propose an adaptive beam selection method that chooses the best set of beams across multiple users to reduce the overall latency for all users. We show through simulations that our proposed greedy algorithm performs better than the state-of-the-art algorithm, and that there is more improvement possible.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Figure 4:
Figure 5:
Figure 6:
Figure 7:
Figure 8:

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. 3GPP: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical channels and modulation. Technical Specification (TS) 36.211, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) (2019). http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/36211.htm. Version 15.7.0. Accessed 22 Feb 2020

  2. 3GPP: Service requirements for cyber-physical control applications in vertical domains. Technical Specification (TS) 22.104, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) (2019). http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/22104.htm. Version 17.1.0. Accessed 22 Feb 2020

  3. Bennis M, Debbah M, Poor HV (2018) Ultrareliable and low-latency wireless communication: tail, risk, and scale. Proc IEEE 106(10):1834–1853. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2018.2867029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Cheffena M (2016) Industrial wireless communications over the millimeter wave spectrum: opportunities and challenges. IEEE Commun Mag 54(9):66–72. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2016.7565190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Chizhik D, Du J, Valenzuela RA, Otterbach J, Fuchs R, Koppenborg J (2019) Path loss and directional gain measurements at 28 ghz for factory automation. In: 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, pp. 2143–2144. https://doi.org/10.1109/APUSNCURSINRSM.2019.8888355

  6. Dao Manh T, Yonghun C, Aoki Y, Yonghoon K (2016) Performance comparison of millimeter-wave communications system with different antenna beamwidth. In: 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCAP.2016.7482003

  7. Erceg V, Fortune SJ, Ling J, Rustako AJ, Valenzuela RA (1997) Comparisons of a computer-based propagation prediction tool with experimental data collected in urban microcellular environments. IEEE J Select Areas Commun 15(4):677–684. https://doi.org/10.1109/49.585778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Fortune SJ, Gay DM, Kernighan BW, Landron O, Valenzuela RA, Wright MH (1995) Wise design of indoor wireless systems: practical computation and optimization. IEEE Comput Sci Eng 2(1):58–68. https://doi.org/10.1109/99.372944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Genc Z, Rizvi UH, Onur E, Niemegeers I (2010) Robust 60 ghz indoor connectivity: is it possible with reflections? In: 2010 IEEE 71st Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2010.5493722

  10. Holfeld B, Wieruch D, Wirth T, Thiele L, Ashraf SA, Huschke J, Aktas I, Ansari J (2016) Wireless communication for factory automation: an opportunity for lte and 5g systems. IEEE Commun Mag 54(6):36–43. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2016.7497764

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ji H, Park S, Yeo J, Kim Y, Lee J, Shim B (2018) Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications in 5g downlink: physical layer aspects. IEEE Wirel Commun 25(3):124–130. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2018.1700294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Karstensen A, Fan Wei, Carton I, Pedersen GF (2016) Comparison of ray tracing simulations and channel measurements at mmwave bands for indoor scenarios. In: 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), pp. 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/EuCAP.2016.7481361

  13. Kaya AO, Calin D, Viswanathan H (2016) 28 ghz and 3.5 ghz wireless channels: fading, delay and angular dispersion. In: 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), pp. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2016.7841484

  14. Popovski P, Nielsen JJ, Stefanovic C, d Carvalho E, Strom E, Trillingsgaard KF, Bana A, Kim DM, Kotaba R, Park J, Sorensen RB (2018) Wireless access for ultra-reliable low-latency communication: principles and building blocks. IEEE Netw 32(2):16–23. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2018.1700258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Solomitckii D, Alln M, Yolchyan D, Hovsepyan H, Valkama M, Koucheryavy Y (2019) Millimeter-wave channel measurements at 28 ghz in digital fabrication facilities. In: 2019 16th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), pp. 548–552. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2019.8877329

  16. Solomitckii D, Orsino A, Andreev S, Koucheryavy Y, Valkama M (2018) Characterization of mmwave channel properties at 28 and 60 ghz in factory automation deployments. In: 2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.2018.8377337

  17. Wang J, Zhu H (2015) Beam allocation and performance evaluation in switched-beam based massive mimo systems. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 2387–2392. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2015.7248682

  18. Yang J, Ai B, You I, Imran M, Wang L, Guan K, He D, Zhong Z, Keusgen W (2019) Ultra-reliable communications for industrial internet of things: design considerations and channel modeling. IEEE Netw 33(4):104–111. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2019.1800455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang W, Wei Y, Wu S, Meng W, Xiang W (2019) Joint beam and resource allocation in 5g mmwave small cell systems. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 68(10):10272–10277. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2019.2932190

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Harish Viswanathan.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mazgula, J., Sapis, J., Hashmi, U.S. et al. Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications In MmWave For Factory Floor Automation. J Indian Inst Sci 100, 303–314 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41745-020-00164-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41745-020-00164-7

Keywords

Navigation