Abstract
Cardoon could be cropped for agro-environmental, industrial, and pharmaceutical purposes. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of biochar on emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4), and productivity of cardoon crop. A pot experiment was run outdoors from April to August 2018, with a cardoon plant per pot. The following four treatments, with four replicates each, were applied: control, soil only; mineral, soil amended with mineral fertilizer (2.5 g N m−2); biochar, soil amended with biochar (1 kg m−2); and mineral+biochar, soil amended with mineral fertilizer (2.5 g N m−2) and biochar (1 kg m−2). The morphological characteristics and biomass production of cardoon plants were evaluated, and the fluxes of N2O, CO2 and CH4 were measured by using the closed chamber technique. The application of biochar combined with mineral reduced N2O emissions by 36% and global warming potential (GWP) by 26% relative to mineral. However, the cumulative CO2 and CH4 emissions as well as yield-scaled GWP were not significantly different among amended soil treatments. Furthermore, the biomass production was increased by 50% by the application of biochar combined with mineral fertilizer relative to mineral. It was concluded that biochar combined with mineral fertilizer is recommended as a pathway mitigation for agro-environmental purposes, because it reduces the global warming potential and could increase the biomass production of cardoon plants.
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Abbreviations
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- DW:
-
Total plant dry weight (g)
- GHG:
-
Greenhouse gas
- GWP:
-
Global warming potential
- H:
-
Plant height (cm)
- HLB:
-
Height of lower branch (mm)
- ID:
-
Inflorescence diameter (mm)
- IDW:
-
Inflorescence dry weight (g)
- IL:
-
Inflorescence length (mm)
- LDW:
-
Leaf dry weight (g)
- NI:
-
Number of inflorescences
- NPR:
-
Number of primary ramifications
- NS:
-
Number of stems
- NSR:
-
Number of secondary ramifications
- SDB:
-
Stem diameter at the base (mm)
- SDT:
-
Stem diameter at the top (mm)
- SDW:
-
Stem dry weight (g)
- TAW:
-
Total achene dry weight (g)
- TFW:
-
Total flower dry weight (g)
- TNI:
-
Total number of inflorescences
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the Reviewers for their comments and suggestions.
Funding
This work was supported by National Funds by FCT - Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project UIDB/04033/2020, and projects CYN.STRESS PROJ/CI&DETS/CGD/0011, WASTE2VALUE PDR2020-1.0.1-FEADER-032314, and WASTECLEAN PROJ/IPV/ID&I/019.
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Barracosa, P., Cardoso, I., Marques, F. et al. Effect of Biochar on Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Productivity of Cardoon Crop (Cynara cardunculus L.). J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 20, 1524–1531 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00242-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00242-w