Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Electronic Applications pp 113–139Cite as

Electrochemistry and electrode applications of electroactive/conductive polymers

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 84))

Abstract

This report describes some of the recent work on the electrochemical and electrode applications of polymers which are electroactive and can be switched to an electrically conductive state, as well as the inherently conductive (SN)x. The materials fall into two general categories. There are the polymer films which can be prepared in situ by the electrochemical polymerization of aromatic compounds, and there are the polyenes such as polyacetylene and polythiazyl. Many of the electrode applications being considered are based on the electroactive/conductive properties of the films such as display devices, and storage batteries. Some applications make use of the conductive property of the materials such as protective coatings against corrosion, and other applications make use of the possibility for molecular selectivity such as chemically selective electrodes and sensors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

6 References

  1. For a convenient update in this field, see papers in Conferences such as Conductive Polymers Seymour RB (ed) Plenum Press, New York 1981; Proceedings from the International Conference on Low Dimensional Conductors, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Cryst., 1982, Vols. 77–79; Davidson T (ed) Polymers in Electronics. ACS Symposium Series 242, based on symposium in the Division of Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry, 185th Meeting, American Chemical Society, Seattle, Washington, March 20–25, 1983. International Society of Electrochemistry, 35th Meeting, Berkeley, California, August 5–10, 1984; Symposium on Materials on Emerging Technologies in the Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 190th Meeting, American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 8–13, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  2. Diaz AF, Bargon J (1986) in: Skotheim TA (ed) Electrochemical Synthesis of Conducting Polymers; in Handbook of Conducting Polymers. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, p 81

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lethely H (1862) J. Chem. Soc. 15: 161

    Google Scholar 

  4. Mohilner DM, Adams RN, Argensinger Jr., WJ (1962) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 84: 3618 (see references to earlier work on the electrochemistry of aniline)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Brietenbach M, Heckner KH (1973) J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfac. Electrochem. 43: 267

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dunsch L (1975) ibid. 61: 61

    Google Scholar 

  7. Messina R, Sarazin C, Yu LT, Buvet R (1976) J. Chim. Phys. 73: 9

    Google Scholar 

  8. Yasui T (1935) Bull. Chem. soc. Japan 10: 306

    Google Scholar 

  9. Jozefowicz LT, Yu LT, Perichon J, Buvet R (1969) J. Polym. Sci. C 22: 1187

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cristofini F, de Surville R, Jozefowicz M, Yu LT, Buvet R (1969) C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Ser. C 268: 1346

    Google Scholar 

  11. Langer J. (1978) Solid State Comm. 26: 839

    Google Scholar 

  12. Diaz AF, Logan JA (1980) J. Electroanal. Chem. 111: 111

    Google Scholar 

  13. Noufi R, Nozik AJ, White J, Warren LF (1982) J. Electrochem. Soc. 129: 2261

    Google Scholar 

  14. Oyama N, Ohnuki Y, Chiba K, Ohsaka T (1983) Chem. Soc. Japan, Chem. Let., 1759

    Google Scholar 

  15. Diaz AF; U. S. Patent No. 4,304, 465, December 8, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kobayashi T, Yoneyama H, Tamura H (1984) J. Electroanal. Chem. 161: 419

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kitani A, Izumi J, Yano J, Hiromoto Y, Sasaki K (1984) Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 57: 2254

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kobayashi T, Yoneyama H, Tamura H (1984) J. Electroanal. Chem. 177: 281

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kobayashi T, Yoneyama H, Tamura H (1984) ibid. 177: 293

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ohnuki Y, Matsuda H, Ohsaka T, Oyama N (1984) ibid. 158: 55

    Google Scholar 

  21. MacDiarmid AG, Chian JC, Halpern M, Huang WS, Krawczyk JR, Mammone RJ, Mu SL, Somasiri NLD, Wu W (1984) Polym. Prepr. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem. 25: 248

    Google Scholar 

  22. MacDiarmid AG, Chiang JC, Halpern M, Huang WS, Mu SL, Somasiri NL, Wu W, Yaniger SI (1985) Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 121: 173

    Google Scholar 

  23. MacDiarmid AG, Mu SL, Somasiri NLD, Wu W (1985) Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 121: 187

    Google Scholar 

  24. Genies EM, Tsintavis C (1985) J. Electroanal. Chem. 195: 109

    Google Scholar 

  25. Genies EM, Syed AA, Tsintavis C (1985) Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 121: 181

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kaneko M, Nakamura H (1985) J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 346

    Google Scholar 

  27. DeBerry DW (1985) J. Electrochem. Soc. 132: 1022

    Google Scholar 

  28. Mengoli G, Munari MT, Bianco P, Musiani MM (1981) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 26: 4247

    Google Scholar 

  29. Aurian-Blajeni B, Taniguchi I, Bockris JOM (1983) J. Electroanal. Chem. 149: 291

    Google Scholar 

  30. Paul EW, Ricco AJ, Wrighton MS (1985) J. Phys. Chem. 89: 1441

    Google Scholar 

  31. Dall'Olio A, Dascola Y, Varacca V, Bocchi V (1968) Compt. Pend. C 267: 433

    Google Scholar 

  32. Gardini GP (1973) Adv. Heterocycl. Chem. 95: 15 and references therein

    Google Scholar 

  33. Diaz AF, Castillo JI (1980) J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 397

    Google Scholar 

  34. Genies EM, Bidan G, Diaz AF (1983) J. Electroanal. Chem. 149: 101

    Google Scholar 

  35. Diaz AF, Kanazawa KK (1982) Miller JS (ed) in: Extended Linear Chain Compounds, Vol. 3. Plenum Pub. Corp., p 417

    Google Scholar 

  36. Diaz AF, Castillo JI, Logan JA, Lee WY (1981) J. Electroanal. Chem. 129: 115

    Google Scholar 

  37. Burgmayer P, Murray RW (1982) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 104: 6139

    Google Scholar 

  38. Kuwabata S, Yoneyama H, Tamura H (1984) Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 57: 2247

    Google Scholar 

  39. Inganas O, Lundstrom I (1984) J. Electrochem. Soc. 131: 1129

    Google Scholar 

  40. Yoneyama H, Wakamoto K, Tamura H (1985) ibid. 132: 2414

    Google Scholar 

  41. Burgmayer P, Murray RW (1983) J. Electroanal. Chem. 147: 339

    Google Scholar 

  42. Burgmayer P, Murray RW (1984) J. Phys. Chem. 88: 2515

    Google Scholar 

  43. Zinger B, Miller LL (1984) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 106: 6861

    Google Scholar 

  44. White HS, Kittlesen GP, Wrighton MS (1984) ibid. 106: 5375

    Google Scholar 

  45. Diaz AF, Vasques Vallejo JM, Martinez Duran A (1981) IBM J. Res. and Devel. 25: 42

    Google Scholar 

  46. Bull RA, Fan FF, Bard AJ (1982) J. Electrochem. Soc. 129: 1009

    Google Scholar 

  47. Noufi R, Tench D, Warren LF (1980) ibid. 127: 2310

    Google Scholar 

  48. Frank AJ (1982) Electrically Conductive Polymer Layers on Semiconductor Electrodes, in: Energy Resources Through Photochemistry and Catalysis. The authors wish to thank A. Frank for making available a preprint

    Google Scholar 

  49. Noufi R, Frank AJ, Nozik AJ (1981) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 103: 1849

    Google Scholar 

  50. Skotheim T, Lundstrom I, Perjza J (1981) J. Electrochem. Soc. 128: 1625

    Google Scholar 

  51. Skotheim T, Petersson LG, Inganas O, Lundstrom I (1982) ibid. 129: 1737

    Google Scholar 

  52. Inganas O, Skotheim T, Lundstrom I (1982) Physica Scripta 28: 863

    Google Scholar 

  53. Simon RA, Ricco AJ, Wrighton MS (1982) Amer. Chem. Soc. 104: 2031

    Google Scholar 

  54. Skotheim TA, Inganas O (1985) J. Electrochem. Soc. 132: 2116

    Google Scholar 

  55. Cooper G, Noufi RJ, Frank AJ, Nozik AJ (1982) Nature 295: 578

    Google Scholar 

  56. Noufi RJ (1983) J. Electrochem. Soc. 130: 2126

    Google Scholar 

  57. Frank AJ, Honda K (1982) J. Phys. Chem. 86: 1933

    Google Scholar 

  58. Mengoli G, Musiani MM, Tomat R, Valcher S, Pletcher D (1985) J. Appl. Electrochem. 15: 697

    Google Scholar 

  59. Murthy ASN, Reddy KS (1983) Electrochim. Acta 28: 473

    Google Scholar 

  60. Komori T, Nonaka T (1983) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 105: 5690

    Google Scholar 

  61. Diaz A (1981) Chemica Scripta 17: 145

    Google Scholar 

  62. Waltman RJ, Bargon J, Diaz AF (1983) J. Phys. Chem. 87: 1459

    Google Scholar 

  63. Tourillon G, Garnier F (1982) J. Electroanal. Chem. 135: 173

    Google Scholar 

  64. Diaz AF, Bargon J, Waltman RJ (1982) Proceedings of the Symposium in Membranes and Ionic and Electronic Conducting Polymers, Electrochem. Soc.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Garnier F, Tourillon G, Gazard M, Dubois JC (1983) J. Electroanal. Chem. 148: 299

    Google Scholar 

  66. Waltman RJ, Diaz AF, Bargon J (1984) J. Electrochem. Soc. 131: 1452

    Google Scholar 

  67. Tourillon G, Garnier F (1983) ibid. 130: 2042

    Google Scholar 

  68. Tourillon G, Garnier F (1985) Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 121: 305

    Google Scholar 

  69. Kaufman JH, Chung TC, Heeger AJ, Wudl F (1984) J. Electrochem. Soc. 131: 2092

    Google Scholar 

  70. Mastragostino M, Scrosati B (1985) ibid. 132: 1259

    Google Scholar 

  71. Tourillon G, Garnier F (1984) J. Phys. Chem. 88: 5281

    Google Scholar 

  72. Czerwinski A, Laguren-Davidson L, Van Pham C, Zimmer H, Mark Jr. HB (1985) Anal. Lett. 18: 2395

    Google Scholar 

  73. Bargon J, Mohmand S, Waltman RJ (1983) Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 93: 279

    Google Scholar 

  74. Bargon J, Mohmand S, Waltman RJ (1983) IBM J. Res. Develop. 27: 330

    Google Scholar 

  75. Rubinstein I (1983) J. Electrochem. Soc. 130: 1506

    Google Scholar 

  76. Elsenbauer RL, Shacklette LW, Sowa JM, Chance RR, Ivory DM, Miller GG, Baughman RH (1982) Polymer Reprints, (1), ACS Meeting, p 132

    Google Scholar 

  77. Shacklette LW, Elsenbaumer RL, Chance RR, Sowa JM, Ivory DM, Miller GG, Baughman RL (1982) J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 361

    Google Scholar 

  78. Shacklette LW, Toth JE, Murthy NS, Baughman RH (1985) J. Electrochem. Soc. 132: 1529

    Google Scholar 

  79. Giuffre L, Montoneri E, Modica G, Ho B, Tempesti E (1982) Adv. Hydrogen Energy 3: 319

    Google Scholar 

  80. Montoneri E, Giuffre L, Tempesti E, Maffi S, Modica G (1984) Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 9: 571

    Google Scholar 

  81. Giuffre L, Montoneri E, Modica G, Ho B, Temepesti E (1984) ibid. 9: 179

    Google Scholar 

  82. Diaz AF, Clarke TC (1980) J. Electroanal. Chem. 111: 115

    Google Scholar 

  83. Nigrey PJ, MacDiarmid AG, Heeger AJ (1979) J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 594

    Google Scholar 

  84. MacInnes D, Druy MA, Nigrey PJ, Nairns DP, MacDiarmid AG, Heeger AJ (1981) ibid. 317

    Google Scholar 

  85. Nigrey PJ, MacDiarmid AG, Heeger AJ (1982) Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 83: 1341

    Google Scholar 

  86. Kaneto K, Mayfield N, Nairns DP, MacDiarmid AJ (1982) J. Chem. Soc., Far. I 78: 3417

    Google Scholar 

  87. Epelboin I, Froment M, Garreau M, Thurnin J, Warin D (1980) J. Electrochem. Soc. 127: 2100

    Google Scholar 

  88. Shirakawa H, Ikeda S, Aizawa M, Yoshitake J, Suzuki S (1981) Synth. Met. 4: 43

    Google Scholar 

  89. Snow A, Brant P, Weber D, Yang NL (1979) J. Polym. Sci., Polymer Lett. Ed. 17: 263

    Google Scholar 

  90. Tomkiewicz Y, Schutz TD, Brown HB (1979) Phys. Rev. Lett. 43: 1532

    Google Scholar 

  91. Chen SN, Heeger AJ, Kiss Z, MacDiarmid AG, Gau SC, Peebles DL (1980) Appl. Phys. Lett. 36: 96

    Google Scholar 

  92. Yamase H, Harada H, Ikawa T, Ikeda S, Shirakawa H (1981) J. Chem. Soc., Japan 54: 2817

    Google Scholar 

  93. Ozaki M, Peebles DL, Weinberger BR, Chiang CK, Gau SC, Heeger AJ, MacDiarmid AG (1979) Appl. Phys. Lett. 35: 83

    Google Scholar 

  94. Nowak RJ, Mark Jr HB, MacDiarmid AG, Weber DJ (1977) J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 9

    Google Scholar 

  95. Nowak RJ, Kutner W, Mark Jr HB (1978) J. Electrochem. Soc. 125: 232

    Google Scholar 

  96. Rubinson JF, Behymer TD, Mark Jr HB (1982) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 104: 1224

    Google Scholar 

  97. Czerwinski A, Voulgaropoulos AN, Johnson JF, Mark Jr HB (1979) Anal. Lett. 12A: 1089

    Google Scholar 

  98. Nowak RJ, Kutner W, Rubinson JF, Voulgaropoulos A, Mark Jr HB (1981) J. Electrochem. Soc. 128: 1927

    Google Scholar 

  99. Voulgaropoulos A, Nowak RJ, Kutner W, Mark Jr HB (1978) J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 244

    Google Scholar 

  100. Mark Jr HB, Nowak RJ, Kutner W, Johnson JF, MacDiarmid, AG (1978) Bioelectrochem. Bioenergetica Acta 5: 215

    Google Scholar 

  101. Rubinson JF (1981) Ph.D. Univ. of Cincinneti

    Google Scholar 

  102. Voulgaropoulos AN (1980) Ph.D. Univ. of Cincinneti

    Google Scholar 

  103. Mark Jr HB, Voulgaropoulos A, Meyer CA (1981) J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 1021

    Google Scholar 

  104. Anson FC (1959) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 81: 1554

    Google Scholar 

  105. Voulgaropoulos AN, Mark Jr HB (1980) Anal. Lett. 13: 959

    Google Scholar 

  106. Bernard C, Tarby C, Robert G (1980) Electrochim. Acta 25: 435

    Google Scholar 

  107. Nowak RJ, Joyal CL, Weber DC, Venezky DL (1980) paper presented at the Spring meeting of the Electrochemical Society

    Google Scholar 

  108. Tarby C, Bernard C, Robert G (1980) Electrochim. Acta 26: 663

    Google Scholar 

  109. Beaudoin S, Bernard C, Vallot R, Robert G, Yu LT (1978) C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 286: 217

    Google Scholar 

  110. Nowak RJ, Joyal CL, Weber DC (1983) J. Electroanal. Chem. 143: 413

    Google Scholar 

  111. Shenoy KP, Mulligan KJ, Mark Jr HB (1983) J. Electrochem. Soc. 130: 2391

    Google Scholar 

  112. Rubinson JF, Behymer TD, Mark Jr HB, Nowak RJ (1983) ibid. 130: 121

    Google Scholar 

  113. Scranton RA, Nooney JB, McCaldin JO, McGill TC, Mead CA (1976) Appl. Phys. Lett. 29: 47

    Google Scholar 

  114. Cohen MJ, Harris Jr JS (1978) ibid 33: 812

    Google Scholar 

  115. Schneider AA, Greatbatch W, Read R (1974) paper presented at the 9th International Power Resources Symposium, Brighton, U. K.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Louzos DV, Garland WG, Mellors GW (1973) J. Electrochem. Soc. 120: 1151

    Google Scholar 

  117. Yamamoto T, Kuroda S, Yamamoto A (1982) Inorg. Chim. Acta 65: Li75 and references therein

    Google Scholar 

  118. Matsumoto T, Matsunage Y (1981) Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 648

    Google Scholar 

  119. Jaeger CD, Bard AJ (1979) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 101: 1690

    Google Scholar 

  120. Wallace WL, Jaeger CD, Bard AJ (1979) ibid. 101: 4840

    Google Scholar 

  121. Jaeger CD, Bard AJ (1980) ibid. 102: 5435

    Google Scholar 

  122. Sandman DJ, Zoshi GD, Samuelson L, Burke WA (1982) Syn. Metals 4: 249

    Google Scholar 

  123. Minami J (1980) J. Chem. Phys. 72: 6317

    Google Scholar 

  124. Minami J, Watanabe T, Fujishima A, Honda K (1979) Ber. Bunsenges., Phys. Chem. 83: 476

    Google Scholar 

  125. Giraudeau A, Fan FRF, Bard AJ (1980) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 102: 5137

    Google Scholar 

  126. Jaeger CD, Man FRF, Bard AJ (1980) ibid. 102: 2592

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, 95 120, San Jose, California

    A. F. Diaz

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 45 221, Cincinnati, Ohio

    J. F. Rubinson & H. B. Mark Jr.

Authors
  1. A. F. Diaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. F. Rubinson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. H. B. Mark Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Springer-Verlag

About this paper

Cite this paper

Diaz, A.F., Rubinson, J.F., Mark, H.B. (1988). Electrochemistry and electrode applications of electroactive/conductive polymers. In: Electronic Applications. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 84. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0025905

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0025905

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-18133-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47784-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation