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Pharmakotherapie zentraler Nystagmusformen

Pharmacotherapy of central oculomotor disorders

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Zusammenfassung

Nystagmus führt zu Störungen der Blickstabilisation mit Verschwommensehen (sog. Oszillopsien) sowie Schwankschwindel und Gangunsicherheit. In Abhängigkeit von der Ursache können zusätzlich zerebelläre oder andere Hirnstammzeichen auftreten. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die aktuelle Pharmakotherapie der häufigsten zentralen Nystagmusformen zu erläutern. Diese sind: Downbeatnystagmus (DBN), Upbeatnystagmus (UBN), erworbener Fixationspendelnystagmus (EPN), und kongenitaler Nystagmus (KGN). Wir geben einen Überblick über den derzeitigen Stand der Pharmakotherapie bei verschiedenen zentralen Augenbewegungsstörungen, die mit Nystagmus einhergehen. Diese beinhalten den DBN, UBN, KGN, EPN und den periodisch alternierenden Nystagmus (PAN). Therapie der Wahl bei DBN und UBN sind Aminopyridine (4-AP), bei PAN Baclofen und bei KGN und EPN Gabapentin bzw. Memantin.

Summary

Nystagmus causes blurred vision due to oscillopsia, as well as impaired balance. Depending on etiology, additional cerebellar and brain stem signs may occur. We present the current pharmacotherapy of the most common forms of central nystagmus: downbeat nystagmus (DBN), upbeat nystagmus (UBN), acquired pendular nystagmus (APN), and congenital nystagmus (CGN). Recommended medical therapies are aminopyridines (4-AP) for DBN and UBN, gabapentin and memantine for CGN and APN, and baclofen for periodic alternating nystagmus (PAN),

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  1. Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum Großhadern Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland

    R. Kalla, R. Spiegel, J. Wagner, N. Rettinger, K. Jahn & M. Strupp

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  1. R. Kalla
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  2. R. Spiegel
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  3. J. Wagner
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  4. N. Rettinger
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Correspondence to R. Kalla.

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Kalla, R., Spiegel, R., Wagner, J. et al. Pharmakotherapie zentraler Nystagmusformen. Nervenarzt 79, 1377–1385 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-008-2516-0

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