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Molecular genetics of leaf rust resistance in wheat and barley

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Abstract

The demand for cereal grains as a main source of energy continues to increase due to the rapid increase in world population. The leaf rust diseases of cereals cause significant yield losses, posing challenges for global food security. The deployment of resistance genes has long been considered as the most effective and sustainable way to control cereal leaf rust diseases. While genetic resistance has reduced the impact of these diseases in agriculture, losses still occur due to the ability of the respective rust pathogens to change and render resistance genes ineffective plus the slow pace at which resistance genes are discovered and characterized. This article highlights novel recently developed strategies based on advances in genome sequencing that have accelerated gene isolation by overcoming the complexity of cereal genomes. The leaf rust resistance genes cloned so far from wheat and barley belong to various protein families, including nucleotide binding site/leucine-rich repeat receptors and transporters. We review recent studies that are beginning to reveal the defense mechanisms conferred by the leaf rust resistance genes identified to date in cereals and their roles in either pattern-triggered immunity or effector-triggered immunity.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge funding support from the Grains Research and Development Corporation and Judith and David Coffey and family to HD, DS, SP, and RP and the financial support from the Australia Awards Scholarship to HD. This work is partly supported by the School of Agriculture and Food at the University of Melbourne to MP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia

    Hoan X. Dinh, Davinder Singh & Robert F. Park

  2. CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, 2601, Australia

    Sambasivam Periyannan

  3. Faculty of Veterinary and Agriculture, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia

    Mohammad Pourkheirandish

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MP and RP conceived the review. HD and MP wrote the review. All authors jointly designed, drafted and finalized this editorial.

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Dinh, H.X., Singh, D., Periyannan, S. et al. Molecular genetics of leaf rust resistance in wheat and barley. Theor Appl Genet 133, 2035–2050 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03570-8

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